Philosophy of religion Argument according to Pascals Wager on the belief in God

The faith in the presence of God is disagreeable in the philosophical space. In the philosophical contention introduced by the book, Pascal’s Wager, by Jeff Jordan with respect to the presence and work of God, it rises that people’s faith in God is regularly improved without anyone else premiums as opposed to the ceaseless want to acknowledge and gain proof that God exists through reasoning.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Philosophy of religion: Argument as per Pascal’s Wager on the confidence in God explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human creatures have the ceaseless personal responsibility to accept that God exists in order to satisfy their passionate, mental and natural wants. Intelligent contentions on the presence of God are subsequently viewed as obscure in upgrading the conviction that God exists (Jordan, 13). Individuals put stock in God’s presence and his great deeds The methodology likewise assists with s atisfying the profound wants and desires for human instinct. In any case, I completely article to this contention because of my solid conviction that trusting in God as a methods for satisfying personal circumstances could be obscure and befuddling (Jordan 18).Reasoning and misusing every single scholarly ability ought to be a significant core value for understanding the presence of God. This protest depends on the way that Wager battles that God is limitless. The angle contends that it is sheltered and human to place one’s expectations in God as opposed to on natural creatures. Individuals who have confidence in God and are prepared to recognize his quality in their lives are more secure since in the inevitability that God genuinely exists; the individuals who have confidence in him would go to paradise while the individuals who don't have faith in his reality would get lost. In any case, in the projection that God doesn't exist, the individuals who trust in him and the indi viduals who don't have faith in him would not lose anything. The creator centers around recognizing indispensable human attributes that characterize human conduct and reaction to challenges. Concentrating on satisfying profound personal matters is a crucial part of perceiving the nearness of God throughout everyday life (Jordan 9). Protest The faith in God that depends on the predominant proof of his reality is a significant way to deal with living an all the more satisfying, alluring, prized and upbeat life. The conviction is a methods for guaranteeing that people’s contentions about God’s presence don't stay to be unimportant hallucinations. Proof based contentions help to strengthen the way that favor, gifts and elegance that originate from God have the capacity of changing human life. The ascribes additionally help to stress the way that personal matters could be misleading because of the probability of the interests being unique. The variety could happen because o f an adjustment in conditions, condition, circumstances, winning practices, social and strict convictions and issues identified with one’s devout group. The peril with trusting in God’s presence dependent on the intrigue on our personal circumstances is a test that lies on the vague supposition that all individuals know the â€Å"god† in question.Advertising Looking for paper on religion religious philosophy? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, all things considered, not all individuals have an away from of who God truly is. All things considered, very few individuals have confidence in God. Truth be told, certain individuals wouldn't fret whether God’s presence has any effect on the sort of lives they live. Individuals have the powerlessness to accept that God exists. In spite of the fact that God is broadly accepted to be an otherworldly being, individuals have consistently neglected to have faith in his deeds because of absence of proof on his reality. This reality has entangled the requirement for people to suit various contentions on the job and spot of God in human life. Qualities and shortcomings In his contention, the writer reliably figures out how to place into thought the different contentions previously set up by different writers with respect to the conviction and presence of God. In accordance with the above investigation, it clear that human instinct and the presence of God are interlinked issues. The author’s contention likewise acknowledges the way that human life is hallowed and the faith in God is a significant otherworldly issue of concern. These issues are basic as they obviously uncover the reason for which individuals exist and the major job that God has put in people’s lives. Inability to fortify the essentialness of confiding in reason uncovers the shortcoming of the contention that personal matters ought to consistently be the core value for our faith in the presence of God. This contention neglects to comprehend the way that paying little mind to one’s way to deal with issues of God, dependence on the expansive range idea of belief in a higher power without harping on a particular precept could prompt unwarranted philosophical ends. The ownership of great contentions on humankind is acceptable however it has the chance of compromising human conviction. The creator has neglected to recognize the way that human instinct ought to be comprehended using a normal methodology. The nearness of God or any heavenly being in life ought to never be dictated by human wants yet rather by thinking. It ought to likewise be guided by the understanding that life has an establishment that must be best characterized by understanding the job of God and source of humanity. Vulnerabilities in the motivation behind humanity, reason, science, religion and suspicion ought to be conceptualized by individuals who continually ende avor to gain proof of the presence of God. Confidence in the presence of God is an elective that presents the best great. It's anything but a reasonable methods for understanding the presence of God. The faith in the presence of God dependent on people’s personal circumstance is a methodology that is dependent upon control. Similarly as people’s lives and ways to deal with life are extraordinary, so are their personal matters. Inability to clarify the particular strict conventions in which the part of having confidence in God is established is considered as profound ignorance.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Philosophy of religion: Argument as indicated by Pascal’s Wager on the faith in God explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This viewpoint is achieved by the need of satisfying personal circumstances. It is viewed as a superior option in contrast to a conviction that depends on the current proof. This idea stays to be a genuine test. In spite of the fact that it could be in any person’s enthusiasm to put stock in God, Jordan (13) is of the view that absence of any strong thought of the need to accept or not to have confidence in God with no verification of his deeds is an unsuitable methodology. Limitless discipline, prize and satisfaction of personal responsibility because of putting stock in God’s presence ought to never be a rousing component towards having confidence in God. What the creator says The creator is probably going to state that God doesn't generally enjoy what individuals state or think. To support his contention, the creator would state that it is through tending to personal circumstance that individuals would best comprehend and in this way put stock in God. To the creator, losing something because of misinformed confidence is superior to putting stock in God without tending to one’s personal matters. Tragically, this reaction would not be sufficient. The reac tion would not help in tending to both the characteristic and extraneous needs of individuals as to religion and the faith in God. It is imperative to completely abuse soundness and capacity to reason and procure a certifiable conviction that God exists. Works Cited Jordan, Jeff. Pascal’s Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God, University of Delaware, Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 2006.Print. This article on Philosophy of religion: Argument as per Pascal’s Wager on the faith in God was composed and put together by client Cindy Calhoun to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Community Psychology and Public Health Essay

This paper talks about the likenesses and contrasts between two methodologies †network brain science and general wellbeing that are identified with social issues. Every technique approaches social issues in an unexpected way; anyway there are sure covering highlights. Every strategy additionally has its particular qualities and shortcomings. These variables will be talked about in this paper. Network brain science and open health The establishment of general wellbeing lays on the reasonable usage of endeavors to ensure and improve a community’s wellbeing by applying protection medication, clean strategies, and sociology. The objective of general wellbeing is to keep sickness and misery from happening. Furthermore, here is the primary distinction between general wellbeing and network brain research. Where general wellbeing centers around explicit issues, network brain science centers around the general personal satisfaction of the people inside a network. The objective of network brain science is to comprehend the connections of the person with their locale and society through research and to improve the individual’s life through specific activities. The thoughts that drive network brain research are moving and inspirational, however the thoughts have demonstrated to be hard to place vigorously things so as to actualize them. This is one of the shortcomings of network brain science and one of the reasons for the many bombed endeavors at changing a network. Be that as it may, there are additionally instances of political components blocking the execution of answers for social issues, as portrayed by Professor Albee in Guernina (1995, p. 85), â€Å"and when Reagan was chosen the message went out to the National Institute of Mental Health from the White House saying, ‘We will no longer help any examination into the social reasons for psychological instability we will just help investigation into the natural, hereditary natural causes’. Consequently it appears as though network brain science is considered the unreasonable, superfluous methodology that is excessively worried about human science to have a commonsense effect on a network. Conversely, the general wellbeing approach, that features natural and building strategies, has demonstrated to adequately forestall different infections and socially injurious practices from spreading broadly. For instance, under the general wellbeing guidelines in South Africa, the administration of human waste in broad daylight places was resolved and executed during the nineteenth century. Be that as it may, this methodology isn’t impeccable either, in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that the human waste was adequately overseen out in the open places, the issue emerged when human waste happened regarding close activities, for example, washing and can cleanliness. Neither of the methodologies is great and the two methodologies have characteristics that can possibly change a network. In this sense, the converging of the best characteristics of the two methodologies is best portrayed by Gilbert, â€Å"The close proclivity among humanism and general wellbeing is as far as unit of study, hypothesis, and strategy. They share a typical worry with populaces of people, a hypothetical direction toward conceptual speculations and a comparative methodological methodology. They likewise share a ‘problem’ center. To a huge degree general medical issues are social issues. The social powers that decide if a wellbeing condition will be seen as a general medical issue, are like those that characterize a social issue. † (1995, p. 81) Conclusion General wellbeing can accomplish for somewhat more of the human touch as experienced in network brain science. What's more, network brain research can profit by the down to earth strategies as found in general wellbeing arrangements. Luckily this is going on in the socio-natural methodology, which depends on an all encompassing comprehension of the individual, the network, illnesses, and wellbeing as the result of the mind boggling personal conduct standards that are imparted in people and gatherings through socialization, and who at that point comprehend the ways as being ordinary.

CPW 2014The Parent Edition

CPW 2014…The Parent Edition One would think that after seven years in this office I would not be as excited about the start of Campus Preview Weekend (CPW). Yet, after all this time, I never cease to be thrilled to get to finally meet all of our admitted students and those parents who are on campus as well. The first question I often hear from parents is, what events should I attend with my child? In truth, there wont be very many of them if you are each doing what interests you the most. With hundreds of options over the next few days, there are lots of things to choose from and parents will probably not want answers to the same questions that students will. That said, its important to check in occasionally so Id suggest you pick an event where you can meet up with your student each day (perhaps the CPW Welcome/Faculty Speaker event on Friday morning and the Closing Variety Show on Saturday evening) but mostly I hope you will encourage them “do their own thing” and know that its good for you to do the same. It’s the best way for them to figure out if they are comfortable and at home on our campus and the best way for you to be comfortable with them being here. I hope you’ll ask lots of questions. It’s the way our students learn and will work well for you too. Current students are great resources so don’t be afraid to ask them about their experiences. In addition weve enlisted the help of a great group of current students parents called Parent Connectors. Theyll be available throughout the weekend to address those issues that are most important to you, the parent, so dont be afraid to ask for their opinionsthey know exactly how you feel since they were asking those same questions just a year or so ago. They are also easy to locate in their red Parent Connector polo shirts so keep a lookout for them. A great place to find a parent to talk to would be in the Parent’s Hospitality Lounge. Grab a cup of coffee or tea and chat with current MIT parents as well as other parents of MIT prefrosh. Also, learn about the MIT Parents Association and the Parent Connector Network from current volunteers and staff. I hope you’ll be open-minded during your visit with us. I have lived with current students and their life at MIT is somewhat different than mine was when I was here. Im sure youll feel the same way too. Its just not the way we remember it. I remember fondly my mother’s first less than ecstatic comments in viewing my dorm when I was a student at MIT but for me it was the perfect choice for my four years at MIT. Bring comfortable shoes and a jacket or sweater and perhaps even an umbrella. Weather can change quickly in Boston, especially in the springtime, so you should be prepared for anything. Boston is a great walking city and I hope youll take some time to see the environs around MIT as well the campus itself and the best way to do that is on foot. Even just a short walk along the river can be a nice break from all the events of the day. Have questions regarding your students financial aid package or the financial aid process in general? There will be an open house Thursday, Friday and Saturday at Student Financial Services so you can stop in and get your questions answered. On Thursday and Friday there will be comprehensive presentations by Executive Director of Student Financial Services, Elizabeth Hicks. Parents and students are welcome to attend either of these programs on the hows, whys and whens of financial aid at MIT how your financial aid award was determined, when your supplemental forms are due, how to pay your balance, how to find on-campus student employment, and how your online student account will work and much more. But that is just the beginning Events Parent and Family Welcome on Thursday night at 7:30 pm in room 26-100. Stu Schmill, Dean of Admissions and Professor Alex Slocum will welcome the Class of 2018 parents to Campus Preview Weekend. Parent Reception with Parent Connectors and Alumni on Friday night at 5:00 pm in Walker Memorial. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association and the MIT Club of Boston, this reception is your chance to meet and mingle with Parent Connectors, Educational Counselors and other MIT Alumni. The presenter will be Anika Gupta 14 who will talk about her MIT experience. Insight for Parents by Parents is Saturday morning at 9:00 am in room 10-250. A panel of current MIT parents will be on hand to share their insights and answer your questions. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association. There will be coffee provided, so please come and join us. Panels Sessions About Residential Life and About MIT Dining. Our on-campus residential community boasts residence halls, fraternities, sororities and independent living groups as well as a wide variety of dining services. There will be discussions covering life in residences, residential support offerings, activities, dining options, roommate matching and more. The Urban Campus: Campus Safety Security. John DiFava, Chief of MIT Police and others will address these issues and answer your questions. Academic Programming and Support Panel. Learn about the many kind of interactions that occur between students and faculty at MIT and the wonderful collaborative environment in which they work and study together. Help Your Child to Have a Healthy Freshman Year at MIT. Join staff from MIT Medical to learn resources, tips, and strategies that help students start healthy and stay healthy during college. Multiple open houses will be held over the weekend. These include areas relating to Medical Services, Careers Development, Hillel, Global Education (study abroad and more), Pre-Professional Advising (Pre-Med and more), departments, and housing. I’ve named just a handful of the events created with you in mind for CPW and it really is just the tip of the iceberg. Well provide you with a full schedule when you get here but to get a head start on your plans check out the online listings on our CPW site. See you soon!

CPW 2014The Parent Edition

CPW 2014…The Parent Edition One would think that after seven years in this office I would not be as excited about the start of Campus Preview Weekend (CPW). Yet, after all this time, I never cease to be thrilled to get to finally meet all of our admitted students and those parents who are on campus as well. The first question I often hear from parents is, what events should I attend with my child? In truth, there wont be very many of them if you are each doing what interests you the most. With hundreds of options over the next few days, there are lots of things to choose from and parents will probably not want answers to the same questions that students will. That said, its important to check in occasionally so Id suggest you pick an event where you can meet up with your student each day (perhaps the CPW Welcome/Faculty Speaker event on Friday morning and the Closing Variety Show on Saturday evening) but mostly I hope you will encourage them “do their own thing” and know that its good for you to do the same. It’s the best way for them to figure out if they are comfortable and at home on our campus and the best way for you to be comfortable with them being here. I hope you’ll ask lots of questions. It’s the way our students learn and will work well for you too. Current students are great resources so don’t be afraid to ask them about their experiences. In addition weve enlisted the help of a great group of current students parents called Parent Connectors. Theyll be available throughout the weekend to address those issues that are most important to you, the parent, so dont be afraid to ask for their opinionsthey know exactly how you feel since they were asking those same questions just a year or so ago. They are also easy to locate in their red Parent Connector polo shirts so keep a lookout for them. A great place to find a parent to talk to would be in the Parent’s Hospitality Lounge. Grab a cup of coffee or tea and chat with current MIT parents as well as other parents of MIT prefrosh. Also, learn about the MIT Parents Association and the Parent Connector Network from current volunteers and staff. I hope you’ll be open-minded during your visit with us. I have lived with current students and their life at MIT is somewhat different than mine was when I was here. Im sure youll feel the same way too. Its just not the way we remember it. I remember fondly my mother’s first less than ecstatic comments in viewing my dorm when I was a student at MIT but for me it was the perfect choice for my four years at MIT. Bring comfortable shoes and a jacket or sweater and perhaps even an umbrella. Weather can change quickly in Boston, especially in the springtime, so you should be prepared for anything. Boston is a great walking city and I hope youll take some time to see the environs around MIT as well the campus itself and the best way to do that is on foot. Even just a short walk along the river can be a nice break from all the events of the day. Have questions regarding your students financial aid package or the financial aid process in general? There will be an open house Thursday, Friday and Saturday at Student Financial Services so you can stop in and get your questions answered. On Thursday and Friday there will be comprehensive presentations by Executive Director of Student Financial Services, Elizabeth Hicks. Parents and students are welcome to attend either of these programs on the hows, whys and whens of financial aid at MIT how your financial aid award was determined, when your supplemental forms are due, how to pay your balance, how to find on-campus student employment, and how your online student account will work and much more. But that is just the beginning Events Parent and Family Welcome on Thursday night at 7:30 pm in room 26-100. Stu Schmill, Dean of Admissions and Professor Alex Slocum will welcome the Class of 2018 parents to Campus Preview Weekend. Parent Reception with Parent Connectors and Alumni on Friday night at 5:00 pm in Walker Memorial. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association and the MIT Club of Boston, this reception is your chance to meet and mingle with Parent Connectors, Educational Counselors and other MIT Alumni. The presenter will be Anika Gupta 14 who will talk about her MIT experience. Insight for Parents by Parents is Saturday morning at 9:00 am in room 10-250. A panel of current MIT parents will be on hand to share their insights and answer your questions. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association. There will be coffee provided, so please come and join us. Panels Sessions About Residential Life and About MIT Dining. Our on-campus residential community boasts residence halls, fraternities, sororities and independent living groups as well as a wide variety of dining services. There will be discussions covering life in residences, residential support offerings, activities, dining options, roommate matching and more. The Urban Campus: Campus Safety Security. John DiFava, Chief of MIT Police and others will address these issues and answer your questions. Academic Programming and Support Panel. Learn about the many kind of interactions that occur between students and faculty at MIT and the wonderful collaborative environment in which they work and study together. Help Your Child to Have a Healthy Freshman Year at MIT. Join staff from MIT Medical to learn resources, tips, and strategies that help students start healthy and stay healthy during college. Multiple open houses will be held over the weekend. These include areas relating to Medical Services, Careers Development, Hillel, Global Education (study abroad and more), Pre-Professional Advising (Pre-Med and more), departments, and housing. I’ve named just a handful of the events created with you in mind for CPW and it really is just the tip of the iceberg. Well provide you with a full schedule when you get here but to get a head start on your plans check out the online listings on our CPW site. See you soon!

Developing Strength in the Face of Fear Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Sometimes years back, I used to have a friend whom we used to share different ideas and thoughts in our day-to-day life. Interestingly, I started noticing that she reacts in a very strange manner especially when we talk about people of the opposite sex. Other times she used to be absent-minded. While talking to her, I started being too keen on her more so to the things she dislikes most. I even started inquiring and asking her more about her questionable character, but I discovered that the closer I become to her, the more she went deeper and deeper hiding it and so at first I felt like giving up. Since to me, she was not just a friend but also a friend indeed, I had a second thought of persisting until she will open her heart and talk to me. It was not an easy job to me because she even started avoiding and I remember her final sentiment to me was to stop insisting it is too personal and confidential. Yes to some extent, I agreed, but I still felt that I could be very useful to her . We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Strength in the Face of Fear or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now I continued to share different talks with her so as to strengthen the trust she had to me. Five months down the line, she paid a visit to me one evening. We chatted until midnight, and before we ended, I pleaded her to tell me. She was too shy and in deep pain that she faced the opposite direction and narrated the whole story. Full of shock and sympathy to realize that his or her herd boy sexually abused when she was ten years old, and he threatened her not to mention to anyone. She mentioned to me that her life has been full of nightmares and even though she tries to forget, sometimes those memories come fresh. I made several attempts guiding and counseling in my bid help her erase the unwanted memories out of her life. This was not a one-day event but a gradual change, which required patience. Finally and this kind of defensive mechanism is called repression. In short, different people develop different defensive mechanisms depending on the kind o f anxiety he/she is confronted. A certain number of these mechanisms occurs unconsciously while others consciously.

Poem Analysis `` Stop All The Clocks `` Cut Off The...

When Poems are written, authors incorporate important literary devices that constructs the meaning of their poem. However, while analyzing W.H Auden â€Å" Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone† the rhyme scheme was simple. On the other hand, Wilfred Owen â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† had a different rhyme scheme concept. This could be because of the writing style of the poem, and how it flows with the setting. In the poem W.H Auden â€Å"Stop all the clock, cut off the telephone† the rhyme was simple, and the reason why it is simple is because it has a constant pattern. The rhyme scheme goes A, A, B, B, C, C, D, D, E, E, F, F, G, G, H, H. Auden decided to have a simple rhyme scheme because the setting of the poem is during a funeral. Also, the ending of each word has an affiliation with words that represent a funeral surrounding. According to Auden â€Å"Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone†(line 1). This line shows someone attending a funeral, a nd Auden ends the line with telephone because when someone is at a funeral, they are suppose to turn off their phone, and pay their respect to the dead. Furthermore, Auden emphasizes â€Å"Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead,†(line 6). Auden capitalize the â€Å"He Is Dead† because once again it’s a funeral and people only go to funeral when someone they know has passed away. So that is why he emphasizes the He Is Dead at the ending of the line. Additionally, usually a funeral has a quiet and, depress atmosphere. In Auden poem â€Å"Stop all theShow MoreRelatedFuneral Blues1560 Words   |  7 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Funeral Blues,† W.H. Auden’s choice of diction allows the reader a greater understanding of the intensity and depth of feeling experienced upon the loss of a loved one. Likewise, the symbolism used by the poet pulls us into the actual world of the grief stricken as he searches for ways to mourn this passing. 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Originally published 1974 Note on Translation  © 1991 by the University of Chicago University of Chicago Press edition 1991 Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesfrmiu/i  «...* „.;i†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢/ . †¢ . . †¢. »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.. . .. †¢..†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.-.†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a/itiktSii^i THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Copyright  © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THE FREE PRESS and colophon are trademarks of Simon Schuster Inc. Designed by Carla Bolte Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 PermissionsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCopyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests thatRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pageswords in both spoken and written English, based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network – a group of corpuses or databases of authentic English language. The Longman Communication 3000 represents the core of the English language and shows students of English which words are the most important for them to learn and study in order to communicate effectively in both speech and writing. Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network shows that these 3000 most frequentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCredits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice H all. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any

Black Friday Free Essays

The phenomenon of Black Friday Bustling city streets, hour-long lines, and retail store chaos: only one scenario explains the commonality between these situations, shopping on Black Friday. For half a century Black Friday has become an unofficial retail holiday in the United States. It is a day that offers incredible discounts and killer deals, and most notoriously, it brings a frenzy of crazed shoppers to local retailers looking to save on purchases. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Friday or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing strategies, paired with consumers’ need to locate the best deals on Christmas gifts has led to Black Friday being celebrated as a consumption ritual comparable in importance to Thanksgiving Day. (Thomas and Peters, 2011) How has Black Friday become the largest retail sales day of the year? What is it that drives people to artificially induced hyper consumption, almost like an annual ritual? Many scientist and psychologists have many different theories and conclusions of why Black Friday has become the biggest shopping day of the year. In this paper, I will take your through the research and conclusions that many psychologists have produced and the advantages and disadvantages of Black Friday. Dr. Stephanie Sarkis, Ph. D. explored the work of Jane Boyd Thomas and Cara Peters, professors at South Carolina’s Winthrop University, who spent two years in research trying to find common traits in Black Friday shoppers. They conducted thirty-eight extensive interviews with â€Å"experienced† Black Friday shoppers and found four recurring themes: 1. Familial bonding (multiple generations and close friends) 2. Strategic planning . The great race 4. Mission accomplished But how do the four themes they came up with relate to one another? Thomas and Peters figured that all the traits when analyzed together showed one commonality. They wrote, â€Å"the traits are coalesced around a military metaphor, and is a bonding activity Shoppers prepare for the ritual by scanning Black Friday ads, and they map out their stra tegy. † (Sarkis 2011) In essence, the family is a type of team that scans adds, plans their route and potential purchases, executes their plans by buying products, and rejoices in their accomplishments. When all of these traits are analyzed individually, they mean little to main the main outcome, bonding. But when all the traits are looked at collectively, they all contribute to the overall success and goal of bonding. Besides giving us a breakdown of bonding activities, the analysis also shows how the average consumer plan for Black Friday. Just as Sarkis found themes that make up this military metaphor, Byun, professor of consumer affairs at Auburn University came up with her own theory on why people react the way they do on Black Friday. Crowds create a sense of competition — such as when hundreds of shoppers are rushing to collect marked-down goods — they generate a different feeling entirely. Competition creates what’s called hedonic shopping value, or a sense of enjoyment from the mere process of buying goods. At certain levels, consumers enjoy arousal and challenges during the shopping process. † (Khazan 2011) In essence what Byun is saying is consu mers get more enjoyment because the crowds create an obstacle, which hinders the execution of the plans and preparations made. The crowds make getting what they want harder, which creates more value for the goods purchased. Just as Byun noted that crowds contribute to the Black Friday Craze, Kelly McGonigal, Ph. D. describes another factors that plays a big part in the â€Å"Black Friday frenzy†. Retailers, she notes, use innovative designs to lure customers into their stores and keep them there. McGonigal says â€Å"time pressure sales on limited products or scarce resources† triggers a negative physiological affect on the consumer. Scarcity for a certain commodity creates a sense of urgency to act now, a natural instinct to survive. This survival instinct can be related to hunting for some people. Black Friday is â€Å"hunting for women,† said Leisa Reinecke Flynn, professor of marketing and fashion merchandising at the University of Southern Mississippi. â€Å"It’s so much like deer hunting it’s hard to tell the two apart. † (Khazan 2011) Unfortunately, shopping on Black Friday is not motivated by survival instincts or a life in death situation. This paradox stimulates unusual behavior in consumers that creates disadvantages and potential dangers for those that are not necessarily into the hunt. The concept of Black Friday creates a â€Å"perfect storm† for consumer misbehavior. Misbehavior, as defined by Lennon, Johnson, and Lee is, â€Å"acts that violate accepted norms of conduct in consumption contexts. † (Lennon, Johnson, Lee, 2011) This compulsive behavior, or compulsive consumption, feeds off of the idea of scarcity. It induces people to act inappropriately harming others and often themselves. â€Å"For many, if not most compulsive purchasers, buying is a reaction to stress or unpleasant situations. Compulsive consumption is a type of consumer behavior which is inappropriate, typically excessive, and clearly disruptive to the lives of other individuals. (Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond 1987) Both hunting and shopping hinge on long-standing traditions and generally involve pursuing a goal as a group. Whether the group actually hits its target is secondary to the fun of the chase. Hunting and shopping as shown above are very closely linked and motivated by the idea of scarcity. Just like there are limited deer in the forest, there are limited goods in the stores. The result is paradoxical in nature. People are fraudulently deceived into acting compulsively. (Herpen, Pieters and Zeelenberg 2005) Just as Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond concluded that compulsive behavior negatively affects the lives of others, Peter McGraw, Ph. D. drew a similar connection. He focuses more on social trends and pressures being the root of the problem. In The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity, McGraw makes a connection between Black Friday shopping and Thanksgiving Dinner. He explores the idea that once a year, people will consume more calories in one meal, than the average person consumes on a normal day. The next day they wake up, or sometimes not sleeping at all, and go shopping for hours on end. (McGraw and Warner 2011) Dr. McGraw’s research shows us that in a short period of forty eights hour there is over consumption of food on Thanksgiving and the hyper consumption or shopping on Black Friday. McGraw believes that the cause of this phenomenon is social influence and pressure. He writes, â€Å"One of the hallmarks of psychological science is that we are influenced by the actions of others—often more so than we’d like to admit. Sometimes we’re impelled to take positive actions, such as switching to reusable bags or cutting down on littering. Other times, social influence can be quite negative. When it comes to Thanksgiving and Black Friday, unfortunately, the influences skew more toward bad than good. † (McGraw and Warner 2011) In other words McGraw places responsibility of hyper consumption on social trends, pressures, and even perhaps familial rituals for the ever-popular Black Friday. Another concept of Black Friday is one of mutual benefit for both consumer and retailer. Consumers’ benefit from large discounts on all sorts of items including clothing, electronics, furniture, and literally any other commodity available on the market. Retailers’ benefit by getting out of the red zone, finally making a profit for the fiscal year. The opportunities available on Black Friday is what drove 212 million shoppers to stores during Black Friday weekend in 2011. (Wilson, 2010) Retailers experience surging sales during Black Friday and the days that follow. This monetary benefit is what drives their extensive promotion and deal offerings, further influencing the consumer’s willingness to partake in the shopping frenzy. In a society where a corporation or business’s main purpose is to grow profits for the benefit of its shareholders, a company’s number one purpose is to increase sales, in order to increase profits. According to a New York Times article written by Adam Davidson, approximately one fifth of retailer’s total annual sales are made during the holiday shopping season. (Davidson, 2011) In conclusion, we can see that shopping on Black Friday brings people together in one way or another. For some, it brings people together in a positive way. Families and friends are able to work as a team who plan, prepare and execute their plans to achieve their goals. For others, Black Friday shoppers experience the negative affects of other people’s behavior. There are also advantages and disadvantages for both the consumer and retailer. Consumers get amazingly cheap prices on products while retailers experience a massive surge in sales. However one may look at Black Friday, it is a day that cannot be ignored. It’s influence and popularity are ever growing and expanding. Reference Page Davidson, Adam. The Black Friday Effect: Let’s Stimulate the Economy with Inflation. † The New York Times, 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Herpen, Erica van, Rik Pieters, and Marcel Zeelenberg (2005) ,†How Product Scarcity Impacts on Choice: Snob and Bandwagon Effects†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32, eds. Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32 : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 623-624. Faber, J. Ronald, O’Guinn, C Thomas, and Krych, Raymond. (1987) â€Å"Compulsive Consumption†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14, eds. Melanie Wallendorf and Paul Anderson, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14: Association for Sonsumer Research, Pages: 132-135. McGonigal, Kelly, Ph. D. â€Å"The Science of Willpower. † Comments on â€Å"Black Friday Shopping: How Stores Use Psychology to Fill Your Cart† N. p. , 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . McGraw, Peter, Ph. D. , and Warner, Joel. â€Å"The Humor Code. † The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity. N. p. , 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Ridgwar, Nicole, â€Å"Black Friday Sales Hit Record. † CNNMoney. Cable News Netwrok, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Sarkis, Stephanie, Ph. D. â€Å"Here, There, and Everywhere. † Black Friday: A Collective Consumption Ritual. N. p. , 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Thomas, Jane Boyd, and Peters, Cara. (2011) â€Å"An exploratory investigation of Black Friday consumption rituals†, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 39 Iss: 7, pp. 522 – 537 Wallendorf, M. , Arnould, E. â€Å"We gather together: consumption rituals of Thanksgiving Day†, in Journal of Consumer Research, (1991) Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 13-31. Wilson, April. â€Å"By the Numbers: Black Friday Shoppers and Their Impact on the Economy. † The Luckie ReTink Tank. 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct 2012. . How to cite Black Friday, Essay examples Black Friday Free Essays The three sources to be compared are all in relation to the events that occurred on â€Å"Black Friday†, particularly surrounding the conduct of the metropolitan police. Source 10, taken from â€Å"The Times† newspaper presents the view that the police were more victims of the women and raiders that they were trying to control, and that it took some effort to restrain the women that were protesting on that day. Whereas source 11, taken from a memorandum that was sent to the home office after ‘Black Friday† gives the view that the police were acting violently towards the women protesting and that the women in this situation were the victims. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Friday or any similar topic only for you Order Now Source 12, a statement from a suffragette who participated in â€Å"Black Friday† presents a similar opinion to that in source 11, indicating that the woman in question received several injuries from a police officer. The events that occurred on â€Å"Black Friday† and the conduct of the police have been under dispute by many historians, which some taking the side of source 10, and others agreeing more with the recollections presented in sources 11 and 12- it can therefore be argued how much sources 11 and 12 challenge the view contained in source 10 about the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†. Source 10, taken from â€Å"The Times’ newspaper on 19th November 1910 is an extract from a report covering the events of what eventually became known as â€Å"Black Friday†. It presents the view that the police â€Å"kept their temper very well’ towards â€Å"the ladies who flung themselves against (them)†. It also speaks of how â€Å"several police had their helmets knocked off in carrying out their duty† and later mentions that â€Å"one was disabled by a kick on the ankle† and another â€Å"was cut on the face by a belt† therefore implying that the women who were present on Black Friday were acting violently towards the police, and that any rough handling of the police towards the protesters was only in response to the treatment they were receiving. It could be said then, that this article presents the police in a positive light and shows the suffragettes to be the ones at fault on â€Å"Black Friday† which comes as no surprise given that the article comes from â€Å"The Times†- a newspaper that would have been primarily aimed at educated men, and its purpose therefore would have been to share the opinion that women were out of control and lacked the dignity to receive the vote. Source 11 on the other hand disagrees with the view presented in source source 10. It is an extract from a memorandum by the Parliamentary Conciliation Committee for Women’s Suffrage send to the Home Office after â€Å"Black Friday†. It agrees with the source ten in the sense that it admits a â€Å"relentless struggle† occurred between the police and the suffragettes, but it disagrees with source 10 because it presents the view that it was the police acting violently towards the women, who it says were â€Å"flung hither and thither amid moving traffic, and into the hands of a crows which was sometimes rough and indecent†. This opinion is presented because the purpose of the memorandum sent to the home office was to request a public inquiry into the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†, because they did not follow their â€Å"usual course of action† which â€Å"would have been to arrest the women on a charge of obstruction† but they â€Å"had been instructed to avoid, as far as possible, making any arrests† which is why, the women argue that the police were so violent. Also, this article presents the events of â€Å"Black Friday† in such a different light, because it was written by those who sympathized with Suffragettes and therefore supported them, the Committee was set up in 1910 to encourage support for women’s suffrage, so it would have wanted to make the actions of the police look bad in order to gain support for the women who were protesting. Similar to source 11, Source 12, from a statement by a 60 year old suffragette who had participated in the demonstration on â€Å"Black Friday† is of the opinion that it was the police who acted wrongly during the events, and not the women protesting. The suffragette talks about how she was â€Å"seized by several policemen† and how â€Å"one twisted (her) right arm behind (her) back with such brute force that (she) really thought he would break it†. She also mentions that â€Å"another policeman gave (her) a terrible blow in (her) back, which sent (her) whirling into the crowd†- clearly presenting the view that the police were acting violently and out of conduct towards the women and as a result disputing the viewpoint held in source 10. However, it must be taken into consideration the purpose of this statement, which was a testament before the Parliamentary Conciliation Committee for Women’s Suffrage, who we know from source 11 sympathized with suffragettes and were trying to gain support from them. Therefore, the women who gave this testament would have been trying to give as much evidence against the police as possible in order for the Committee to have a case against the police and order for an inquiry to be made. In addition to this, it was the aim of suffragettes at time to create as much publicity towards their cause as they could, whether good or bad, they wanted attention, and by complaining about the police it would have prolonged the time that â€Å"Black Friday† was publicized in the media which was what they wanted. In conclusion, sources 11 and 12, which present the view that it was the police who acted wrongly on â€Å"Black Friday† disagree with the view presented in source 10, which is that it was the women who were at fault. This is because the purpose of both sources 11 and 12 was to create sympathy for the suffragettes in order to gain support for their cause, whereas source 10 was aimed at an audience who did not support women’s suffrage, and by publishing an article presenting women in a bad light, â€Å"The Times† newspaper would have been ensuring that it’s readers remained loyal. Although sources 11 and 12 agree with source 10 in the fact that a violent dispute took place, they differ in opinion of who was the victim in the situation, therefore sources 11 and 12 challenge the view presented in source 10 about the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†. How to cite Black Friday, Papers

Babi Yar Analysis of the Poem Essay Example For Students

Babi Yar Analysis of the Poem Essay Yevtushenko speaks in first person throughout the poem. This creates the tone of him being in the shoes of the Jews. As he says in lines 63-64, No Jewish blood is mixed in mine, but let me be a Jew . . . He writes the poem to evoke compassion for the Jews and make others aware of their hardships and injustices. Only then can I call myself Russian. lines 66-67. The poet writes of a future time when the Russian people realize that the Jews are people as well accept them as such. If you hate the Jews, he asks, why not hate me as well? True peace and unity will only occur when they have accepted everyone, including the Jews. Stanza I describes the forest of Babi Yar, a ravine on the outskirts of Kiev. It was the site of the Nazi massacre of more than thirty thousand Russian Jews on September 29-30, 1941. There is no memorial to the thirty thousand, but fear pervades the area. Fear that such a thing could occur at the hands of other humans. The poet feels the persecution and pain and fear of the Jews who stood there in this place of horror. Yevtushenko makes himself an Israelite slave of Egypt and a martyr who died for the sake of his religion. In lines 7-8, he claims that he still bars the marks of the persecution of the past. There is still terrible persecution of the Jews in present times because of their religion. These lines serve as the transition from the Biblical and ancient examples he gives to the allusions of more recent acts of hatred. The lines also allude to the fact that these Russian Jews who were murdered at Babi Yar were martyrs as well. The next ezza reminds us of another event in Jewish history where a Jew was persecuted solely because of his religious beliefs. The poet refers to the pettiness line 11 of anti-Semitism as the cause of Dreyfus imprisonment. Anti-Semitism is his betrayer line 12 when he is framed, and anti-Semitism is his judge line 12 when he is wrongly found guilty. Lines 13-14 claim that even the fine and supposedly civilized women of society shun Dreyfus because he is a Jew and fear him like they would fear an animal. In ezza III, Yevtushenko brings himself to the midst of the pogroms of Bielostok. He gives the readers the image of a young boy on the floor being beaten and bleeding while he witnesses others beat his mother. In line 24, he gives the reader the rationale of the Russians who are inflicting such atrocities on the Jews. Murder the Jews! Save Russia! They view the Jews as the curse of Russia; a Jewish plague that must end in order to save their country from evil. In a way they think that they are acting in patriotism. The poet transports us to Anne Franks attic in the fourth ezza. He describes to the reader the innocent love that has blossomed between Anne and Paul. Her love of the world and life and spring has been denied her line 30. Yet, she manages to find comfort for her loss in the embrace of her beloved. In line 33, Yevtushenko shows the reader Annes denial of what is going on around her. She tries to drown out the noise of the Nazis coming to get her. When her precious spring comes, so do the war and the Nazis to take her to her death. Stanza V brings us back to the ravine of Babi Yar. In line 40, the poet chooses to personify the trees. They stare down on him in judgement as G-d would. Line 41 is oxymoronic. There is a silent mourning for the martyred Jews by the air; a force in nature. The air around Babi Yar howls for the massacre it has witnessed. The poet himself claims to be an endless soundless howl/ over the buried lines 43-44. .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 , .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .postImageUrl , .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 , .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8:hover , .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8:visited , .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8:active { border:0!important; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8:active , .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8 .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81fe901cc93a91fd5fc918808f030de8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Summer Life Rhetoric Analysis EssayHe is a mourner for the thirty thousand, but there is nothing that can be said. He writes that e is every one of thirty thousand and feels their pain and injustice. In no limb of my body can I forget. line 57. His physical body feels their pain. Limbs depicts an image of mangled bodies in the mass grave of Babi Yar. Stanza VI begins with Yevtushenko reminding the Russian people of their ability to be good hearted and moral. He speaks of men with dirty hands lines 52-53. Fascists, Nazis whose hands are covered in the blood of the innocent, come to Russia and cause the Russians to close their magnanimous hearts. The tone of lines 52-54 is cruel and harsh like the actions of the Nazis. These hateful people claim to bring the union of the Russian people line 59. He makes a point of referring to these people as anti-Semites line 57 because the Jews are Russians, too. The Nazis in effect have turned Russian against Russian hardly a union. In the last ezza, the poet calls for world unity which will only occur when anti-Semitism has ended. He is not a Jew, yet he equates himself to one. If all Russians are people, then the Jews are no less Russian or less human than he himself. If this is the way you treat these Russian people, he is trying to express, then treat me, a real Russian, as you have treated the Russian Jews. Only then will all Russians truly be united and equal. Yevtushenko is a supporter of the Jewish plight. He sees the injustice that they have been subject to and feels responsible for it in a way. He tries to rationalize why his people, the Russians, have acted so immorally and blames their actions on the influence of others. He calls to his people to reform; simultaneously urging the Jews not to blame them entirely for their actions and to show that they do have natural goodness within them.

Willy (death of a salesman) vs Essay Example For Students

Willy (death of a salesman) vs Essay Willy (Death of A Salesman) Vs Walter (A Raisin in the Sun)A good drama is based on a strong set of characters. For instance, a good collection of characters will lead the audience to identify the characters with something in the real world and get emotionally involved with the characters. Every individual has its own character, which is composed of personalities, behaviors and individualities. The audience compare characters to evaluate and relate the characters experiences to their own lives. By possessing the ability to understand characters identities from different dramas, the audience can draw comparisons. Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman, and Walter Lee Younger from A Raisin in the Sun, play a big part in the outcome of their respective drama and show a lot of similarity in their principles while differences in personality lead them to different endings. We will write a custom essay on Willy (death of a salesman) vs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Willy, a salesman, has high hopes for himself and his sons, but ends up with all his dreams crushed. Willy is the main character in Death of a Salesman. He is a father of two sons, Biff and Happy, and husband to Linda, a housewife. Willy often lapses into the past and talks to himself. He believes physical appearance to be the catalyst of a successful career; however, his sons, who are well built and attractive, turned out to be failures: Biff Loman is lost. In the greatest country in the world a young man with such-personal attractiveness, gets lost.(Discovering Literature, 1215) His high expectation for his sons and their failure hurt him. Willy pretends to be a successful man in front of his wife. In addition, Willy does not like his wife to mend stockings, because he feels guilty for giving stockings to his mistress and not his wife: Willy (angrily taking the stocking from her wife): I wont have you mending stockings in this house! Now throw them out! (Discovering Literature, 12 28) At last, Willy kills himself, because he needs to clear his conscience for being unfaithful to his wife and escape his problems. On the other hand, Walter, a chauffeur, dreams of being rich but his first try in business fails miserably. He is the husband to Ruth and father to Travis in A Raisin in the Sun. Walter lives in a time when segregation has just ended. Therefore, Walters desire to break free from his white employer is very strong. Walter is childish and immature. For instance, when he is forced to make a decision about his wifes pregnancy, he indirectly agrees to Ruths decision to abortion. His mother is disappointed by her sons weakness: If you a son of mine, tell her! (Walter picks up his keys and his coat and walks out. She continues, bitterly.) You†¦you are a disgrace to your fathers memory. (Discovering Literature, 1318) Then, Walter decides to joint venture with his friends to start a liquor store using the insurance money from his fathers death. His ignoranc e to the business world eventually costs him all his money. One of Walters business partners steals his money, and Walter learns from that incident but it comes at a high price. However, Walters mother thinks although the money is lost, her son has come out as a better person: He finally come into his manhood today, didnt he? Kind of like a rainbow after the rain†¦.. (Discovering Literature, 1359)Willy and Walter are very similar in many ways. For instance, they love their family. Walters intention to become rich is driven by his wish to give his family a better life: Walter (rising and coming to her and standing over her): You tired, aint you? Tired of everything. Me, the boy, the way we live-this beat-up hole-everything. Aint you? (Discovering Literature, 1295) Meanwhile, Willys love for his sons is unquestionable. Many instances in the play he would lapse into the past before he drifted apart from his sons: Remarkable. Ts. Remember those days? The way Biff used to simonize t hat car? The dealer refused to believe there was eighty thousand miles on it. (Discovering Literature, 1216) In addition, both characters share a desire to be successful. Willy is an admirer of his brother, a successful entrepreneur, and wants to be like him. Also, his brother offers Willy a place in Alaska, but Willy wants to be successful in his own city to prove himself: Willy: Well do it here, Ben! You hear me? Were gonna do it here! (Discovering Literature, 1253) At the same time, Walter wants to break free from his white employer and be a successful liquor merchant. Lastly, the final similarity is that both of them fail to become rich and known. Walter loses his money to a con man and Willy did not have the luck to become a successful salesman. .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .postImageUrl , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:hover , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:visited , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:active { border:0!important; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:active , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edgar Allan Poe Essay IntroductionAlthough Walter and Willy are similar, they are also unique characters with different personalities. Although both of them are unsuccessful in becoming rich, how they deal with this failure is different. Walter is young and has more chances. So, he is able to recover from his disappointment in a short period of time. However, Willy is already an old man so his frustration is more profound which eventually, along with other circumstances, leads him to commit suicide. Both of them are also different in terms of their position in their family. Willy is the head of his family while Walter follows his mothers orders. Walter cannot make a decisi on without consulting and getting his mothers approval; however, Willy sets the rules for his house. Willy and Walter are characters with a strong drive toward success but inevitably due to lifes cruel fate ends up losing everything. They share the same fate but the outcome of their failure is different. Both Willy and Walter are good characters with strong personalities to capture the audiences attention. Inevitably, the viewers will make comparison between themselves and the characters because of their similar goal. Works Cited List. 1. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman.Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays Second Edition. Ed. Hans P. Guth, Gabriele L. Rico. Upper Saddle River, 1997. 1210-1286. 2. Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun.Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays Second Edition. Ed. Hans P.Guth, Gabriele L. Rico. Upper Saddle River, 1997. 1287-1359.

The Life Of Rene Descartes Essays - Natural Philosophy, Free Essays

The Life Of Rene Descartes Essays - Natural Philosophy, Free Essays The Life of Rene' Descartes Rene' Descartes was a French mathematician, philosopher and anatomist. He contributed a great deal to modern ideas , particularly those concerned with geometry. He was known in his time as a mechanist, because he believed that nature could be explained through rational means, and inherent patterns could be found. During his life, Descartes remade geometry and made modern geometry possible. Rene' Descartes was born on March, 31 1596 in La Haye, Touraine, which was a former province of France. Rene' Descartes was the third child of a wealthy French family. Because of his father's poor health, Rene' did as he pleased. At the age of eight, Rene' was sent to a Jesuit college for formal schooling in the classics. The teacher of the school was sensitive to Rene's health and allowed him to stay in bed until he felt ready to attend class. Descartes used the quiet morning to think, and in later life he said they were the real source of his mathematics and philosophy. At the age of 18, Rene' left school to begin leading the life of a gentleman in Paris. He found partying amusing for a while. Soon after, he joined the army and went on to fight in a war in Germany. In Germany, Rene' had the most remarkable dream in the history of Math. He reported a number of episodes in the dream, and one of them is usually believed to be the application of algebra to geometry and the beginning of analytic and coordinate geometry. Descartes remained a soldier for another 2 years and then retired to Paris. Until then Descartes had published nothing, but he had shared his discoveries with others earlier. One of Descartes' friends convinced him that he had a sacred duty to share them with the world in writing.. Soon after he went to Holland to write and think. He spent the next 20 years roaming around Holland and working with the brightest minds in Europe. His father was the only person who knew his whereabouts. In 1637, Rene' Descartes' book, Le Monde, was published. A few theologians condemned his work but nothing happened. Descartes was still in Holland happily gardening when, thinking and writing when 19 year old Queen Christina of Sweden decided that she must have him as a tutor in Mathematics. She sent a ship to fetch him to the court, but he waited several months before leaving for Sweden. Descartes arrived in Sweden in the fall of 1649. He managed not to live at the court, but Christina scheduled their class for 5 a.m., each day. Descartes died the next the next February of an inflammation of the lungs. Rene' Descartes made some of his most notable contributions in the field of mathematics. He was the first mathematician to classify curves to the types of equations that produce them. He also invented the method of indices to express the powers of a number. His chief contributions to mathematics were his analytical geometry and his theory of vortices, and it is on his researches in connection with the former of these subjects that his mathematical reputation rests. Analytical geometry does not consist merely in the application of algebra to geometry; that had been done by many mathematicians. The great advance made by Descartes was that he saw that a point in a plane could be completely determined if it's distances, say x and y, from two fixed lines drawn at right angles in the plane were given, with the convention familiar to us as to the interpretation of positive and negative values: and though an equation was indeterminate and could be satisfied by an infinite number of values of x and y, yet these values of x and y determined the coordinates of a number of points which form a curve, of which the equation expresses some geometrical, that is, a property true of a curve at every point on it. Descartes asserted that a point in space could be similarly determined by three coordinates. In addition, he formulated the rule, which is know as Descartes' rule of signs, for finding the number of positive and negative roots for any algebraic equation. Rene' Descartes, philosopher and mathematician, made many contributions to our world today. From developing his theory of vortices, and inventing the method of indices. His understandings have advanced our world to modern understandings.

Critique or Develop a Policy Involving Collaborative Practices in Essay

Critique or Develop a Policy Involving Collaborative Practices in Special Education Needs - Essay Example As the report declares the rationale for the present policy is to allow the faster development of students who are gifted and talented as compared to those with normal intelligence and talents. It is an accepted fact that gifted and talented children may find their classes boring if they are treated similarly with the normal children. Moreover, said normal children may not find themselves at par with the gifted and talented thereby resulting to unnecessary conflict which may develop to some psychological disorder like inferiority complex. This paper stresses that a major finding from the study was that third and fourth grade teachers make only minor modifications in the regular curriculum to meet the needs of their high ability/gifted students. This result was the same regardless of the geographic region of the teachers or the type of communities in which they taught. Based on the above it was found out that only minor modifications are made in the regular curriculum to meet the needs of the high ability/gifted students. There appears to be a lack of implementation of the policy. The study is conducted in 2003 & has a copyright up to 2005, which means that although there exists a policy, there is a problem in the implementation of the same as revealed in the study. The advantages of having a collaborative policy is the manifest joint responsibility of the students, the parents, the school authorities and the government through regulation of the schools systems which implements the collaborative policy.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Communication - Essay Example Verbal communication is an ability that everyone should develop to improve their interactions with others and to help them build relationships. In nursing, it is imperative to have excellent communication skills in order to have an enormous understanding about the feelings and sufferings of the patients. The profession desires good command over the words, using appropriate word not only enhances communication and understanding with the patient but also clarifies the precise meaning of the words. According to Beyea (2004) â€Å"verbal communication is a primary way in which vital information about a patients status and care is transmitted†. The Department of Health has also stressed the importance of verbal communication in their Essence of Care benchmarks. They stated that communication should be adapted to meet the needs of people, carers and groups. This was further supported by Terrado et al (2001). Terrado’s team firmly believes that nurses are required to have an e ffectual communication skills because of they are in the first position to contact with the patient and represent the healthcare team for patient’s appraisal. It is therefore it is essential that they have appropriate communication skills to be beneficial and supportive to the patients especially to those who need intense care like dysphagia and stroke patients and those who are paralysed and need thorough care for their recovery. I agree with these findings because as a student, I believe that learning better communication skills are the most imperative errand to my career. It is an indispensable part of my role and duty while in placement at University and later when I am serving the human beings. It is essential to for me to understand the cultural differences which are very sensitive issue that result in some kind of misinterpretation of my words or other’s words. Misconception could be devastating as can be understood with the help of Appendix 3. The prime responsibility of the

Are Human Rights a Western Concept?

Are Human Rights a Western Concept? Do you agree that human rights are a western or modern concept, if not please cite two imperial examples of universal Human Rights in practice during pre-historic times. And the unending challenges in conflict with diversity, culture and religion in contemporary times? This essay will defined, explore and analyse the historical, theoretical and philosophical concept of universal human rights with comparative analysis of international instruments and its applications of human rights both in theory and context with empirical examples from different countries, culture and religion. The evolution of Human Rights in terms of its enduring challenges and successes will also be explored. The crux of this essay will focus on the controversial clash of culture and religious in practice against the backdrop in adapting to the concept of universal human rights. For example, this essay will attempt to present both opposite views and justification from a cultural and religious perspectives and against the practice of Female Gentile Mutilation (FGM) in Sierra Leone, and the violation of certain womens rights in Saudi Arabia, from a universal human rights perspective, which others tend to view as western liberal ideology. The first part of this essay will focus on the historical and theoretical aspect of human rights with comparative analysis of contemporary challenges and success in an attempt to juxtapose universal human rights against national laws and its direct challenge to cultural and religious justification in national defence with respect to these controversial topics, with an example of which both national activists and International actors continue to campaign against cultural practice such as FGM around the world with a direct focus on Sierra Leone. The Third section will explore and analyses human rights in Saudi Arabia and the cultural and religious influence with respect to the conflicting laws and individual rights challenges, particularly women. The fourth section will draw comparative analysis with Western countries like UK and USA in an attempt to explain cultural relativism with respect to the differences and common accepted human rights practices among these states. Human right history has been a long and controversial subject that stem from little known concept and history of human rights before 1945 around the same period the United Nations was established. Before then, certain intellectuals tend to hold the view that contemporary human rights history stems from the United Nations concept. The international convention on Economic, Social and cultural rights, is known as one of the fundamental declarations adopted by the General Assembly of the UN in the Declaration of Human Right, with provision for everyone to take part in cultural life, to enjoy the benefit of scientific progress and its applications, and to enjoy the protection of scientific, literary or artistic works. Article 13 points the rights of everyone to education, which shall be directed to the development of human personality and the sense of its , (UNESCO: 1998; 1). Although cultural rights are also indicated in numerous UNESCO conventions and recommendations, likewise in severa l other international documents, there is yet an unending challenges to implement cultural rights to its full potential. There is a clear evidence to suggest that there is a common relation between cultural rights and fundamental freedoms and individual rights such as freedom of belief and religion, the right to education, freedom of association and freedom of expression. (1998; 1). On Lockes view in his famous and influential Letter Concerning Toleration 1689 the state is concerned with external acts of human beings and not with the care of their souls and hence has no right to restrict individuals liberty in matters of faith. Churches are to be be understood as a voluntary societies for the public worship of God. Their members do not surrender their natural liberty in matters of religion to their church and so the church has no right to coerce its members beyond that of expelling them for appropriate reasons. (Charvet and Kaczynska- Nay: 2008; 29) The major theorist of the seventeen century who invented the individualist doctrine of natural rights were all Northern European protestants: Hugo Grotius of the Netherlands, Thomas Hobbs and John Locke of England and Samuerl Pufendorf of Germany. They developed a new understanding of the idea of natural law that was to serve as the foundation of a legitimate social and political order. Hugo Grotius who is widely known as the founder of modern natural law theory is also accepted as the originator of modern theory of international law, which is grounded on the law of nature, which is also grounded of the domestic theory. However, there is also a more inquisitorial common view of a long human right history way beyond contemporary history of human rights, which many refers to as a much better approach. Even though it is plagued with controversy, but it gives an opportunity to search beyond 1945 and challenge the former position with respect to the historical and philosophical aspects and concepts of human rights. Some argues that the concept of Human has a universal history in the various religious and philosophies of the world. The code of Hammurabi (c.1792-50 BC), King of Babylon, is said to be the oldest surviving text establishing the rule of law, Cyrus the Great (died 529 BC), King of Persia, proclaimed a policy of religious tolerance and abolished slavery. The Buddhist King Ashoka of India (c.264-38 BC) also proclaimed a policy of religious tolerance, provided for the health and educations of his people, and appointed officials to prevent wrongful punishments (Weeramantry 1997: 7-8). (Freeman 2011: 15-16). There are numerous challenges towards the view that human right is a western concept, such as the self evident of protections with non western cultural settings, which weakens the position of those claiming human rights to be a western concept. In1979, the UN General Assembly adopted the convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the realization of this document stemmed from a cummulation of over three dacdes of work by the UN Commission on the Status of women including years of efforts by Womens rights activist and governments. This was initially commission in 1947 under the Commission of Human Rights as a sub-commission, with unending demands from women activists it was eventually promoted to a full commission, This is seen as the authoritative instrument of Womens bill of rights, which seek to protect women around the world. The Convention defines discrimination against women as: Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field (Article 1), (2008;201) Whiles most states have ratified CEDAW, there have been an exceptionally high number of reservations made to it by states ratifying, several countries have entered reservations to Article 2 and 16 in particular; for example, Bangladesh and Egypt on grounds that they conflicts with Sharia law (Bangladesh subsequently withdrew its observation to Article 16). Saudi Arabia entered a general reservation stating that: [i]n case of contradiction between any term of the convention and the norms of Islamic law, the Kingdom is not under obligation to observe the contradictory terms of the convention. An Elimination of Discrimination Against Women stated: Article 2 and 16 are considered by the committee to be core provision of the convention. Although some states parties have withdrawn reservations to those articles, the committee is particularly concerned at the number and extent of the reservations entered to those articles. The commission holds the view that article 2 is central to the objec ts and purpose of the Convention. States parties which ratify the Convention do so because they agree that discrimination against women in all its form should be condemned and that the strategies set out in article 2, subparagraph (a) to (g), should be implemented by States parties to eliminate it. Neither traditional, religious or Cultural practice nor incompatible domestic laws and policies can justify violations of the convention. The Committee also remains convinced that reservations of article 16, whether lodged for national, traditional, religious or cultural reasons, are incompatible with the Convention and therefore impermissible and should be reviewed and modified o withdrawn. (2008; 204) In 1517, Martin Luther pinned his famous ninety-five these stacking Catholic practices and beliefs to a church door in Wittenberg, which eventually led to the unbelievable split of the Christian Church in the West known as the Reformation. Because of the anxiousness exhibited by leaders who were desperate to free themselves from the interference of the pope and emperors, they seized the opportunity to affirm their total independence by embracing the new protestant version of Christianity, which had achieved wide spread popularity. During this period the liberty of religious conscious was never acknowledged by the Medieval Catholic Church, violent persecution of heretical beliefs was frequent by the state. This eventually led series of suppression and war in the West. It has to be said that Protestant were not really reacting to the persecution by the Catholics. The main reformed churches, Lutheran, Calvinist and Anglecan, were as ardent persecutors of those who did not accept the true faith as the catholics. The indirect influence of the Reformation on the movement for the huge and continuing scale of the religiously inspired carnage and the direct influence of the Reformation on support of toleration came from the radical protestant sect such as; the Anabapitists and Baptist, Socinians and Unitarians. The main natural rights theories were directly involved in these concerns. Their main argument was that the naturalness of radical disagreement between human beings over religion and their idea of natural law was that it constitutes common ground in abstraction from areas of disagreement. Thus, they supported a minimalist view of Christian dogma and both Pufendorf and Locke wrote widely read works specifically on toleration using an argument from natural liberty. (Charvet and Kaczynska- Nay: 2008; 29) The complexity and contradiction of human rights law is nothing new when it comes to the human rights law and the relationship with the subject of culture and religious with respect to oppression and injustice, which is not always compatible. Human Rights law may have operated and practice around the world, but there is a disparity in terms of its universal acceptance and approaches different member States, which sometimes operates more or less in the same context, but sometimes produce inconsistent results. The process of ratification or legalizing human rights law have proved to be challenging, especially the subject of Womens rights and its relationship with religion, Culture and traditional resistance. Particularly the parochial world that view such move as threats to male privilege or centuries old practices, which others interpreted as an attempt by Western liberal to subjugate their culture, religion or traditional heritage. The 1993 Vianna World Conference on Human Rights can be noted as another defining moment in the struggle of Womens rights history to gain the recognition of womens rights and Human rights, which is another result derived from the complex and contradictory quagmire of legalizing womens rights. It is a heterogeneous project which precludes any formulation of grand theory. Its commonality lies in providing critical and necessary challenges to explanations about womens subordination that have been furnished by liberal and Western feminist positions, especially those that come to occupy the international human rights arena in their understanding and articulation of concerns of Third World women. Post colonial feminism furnishes the tools for exposing the imperial and essentialist assumptions about the Third World women and culture and a reliance on a centre-periphery model or world culture that have come to inform lrgal responses to womens human rights concerns. (Kapur 2005). (Meckled-Garcia and Cali: 2006;103) Women and the veil However, the cantering of a womens claims to social justice to human rights, the law has also have some serious limitation. The pursuits of women human rights has come to focus on laws and legal strategies, encouraging the view that the law is the exclusive language in which to express claim to social justice and emancipation and consequently marginalize the benefit of others/emancipatory and vocabularies (Kennedy 2004; 5). It encourages the belief that freedom and emancipation lie in the objectivity, universality and rational basis of human rights laws. (106) These claims made in and through Human rights law ultimately rely on a universal subject: a subject that resembles the uncomplicated subject of liberal rights discourse. Cultural essentialism tends to reinforce the notion of human rights as a primary concern with relation to the law, with main focus on the consequences and effects of violence against women in third world countries. Alhough they are invariably portrayed as victims of their culture, reinforcing stereotyped and racist representations of that culture and privileging the culture of the West. Many human rights law textbooks address the issue of violence against women in other contexts, primarily in a chapter on universality and cultural Relativism implying that universality is not a cultural concept that emerged from a specific historical and political context, and reinforcing the inaccurate assumption that the primary wary in which women in the Third world experience violence is through some particularly egregious cultural practice. This portrayal of women in Sierra Leone that practice FGM or (Bondo society) for example is encouraged by traditional and some influential members of that country, even though others vehemently opposed this practice as proposed by some feminist and human rights activist particularly in the international realm, which reminiscent of imperial interference in the lives of na tive people, which they often interpret as the backwardness of African culture and women society and uncivilized culture. It recreates the imperialist move that views the native subject as different and civilizationally backward (Sinha: 2000). And this culture is cast in opposition to the universal project of human rights. Some Cultural practices have come to occupy our imaginations in ways that are totalizing of a culture and its treatment of women, and are nearly always overly simplistic or a misrepresentation of the practice. For example, the multiple meanings of the veil, through different cultural and historical contexts, get subsumed in the legal arguments that focus on almost exclusively on veiling as an oppressive and subordinating practice that typifies Islam and its degrading treatment of women. It is read in a uniform, linear manner as an oppressive practice because it erases womens physical and sexual identity and is symbolic of the subjugation of women in Islam. For som e it does not represent honor, and an effective mechanism on avoid tempting men. More significantly, the veil has also been a very empowering symbol for muslim women in some countries. In Iran it was the sign of rebellion and rejection of the shah and Western imperialism. Amongst immigrants communities in the West, it is the symbol of an exclusive cultural space, where women are often marginalised. (Merinissi: 1994; 112-22). This complexity has been obscured in several recent attempts to ban or uphold the ban on headscarves. The European Court on Human REoights in Strasbourg has recently upheld the ban on the wearing of headscarves in class at University of Istanbul. It upheld Turkish Constitutional Courts ruling that wearing of a headscarves was in contravention of the principle of secularism and gender equality and that the upholding of such a ban did not violate rights to religious freedom and practice. One of the factors considered by the Court was the fact that there were extremist political movements in Turkey which sought to impose on society as a whole th eir religious symbols and conception of a society founded on religious (Meckled-Garcia and Cali: 2006;106) Conclusion

Hmong Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The traditional Hmong live a horticultural society they depend on domesticated plants, they are well-adapted on soils of the tropical rain forests and poor soil places which are unsuitable for intense agriculture. Prehistoric Hmong are thought to have moved from Eurasia and made a few stops at Siberia. As their custom they settled in the highlands (mountains) from Vietnam and Laos and later in Thailand. They inherited the name â€Å"Miao†, from living in the mountains. Today Five million Hmong reside in China, more than any other country. The Hmong people have straight black hair and have a short, sturdy stature. In the southern margins of the Sahara Desert, going southward toward East Africa are tall, rather thin dark skin peoples called the Nuer. To the Nuer horticulture is degrading toil. The Nuer live the pastoral mode of production with their primary dependancy on animal husbandry, cattle. Although the cattle is not raised for the meat, unless they become barren, or injured they eat them under special conditions. Usually adapt in dry grassland with short growing seasons. Although they do eat/grow crop it is very little. Milk is one of the main foods of the Nuer. Both cultures sacrifice animals to heal souls. The Hmong believe in the dab as the evil spirit, the Nuer believe in the evil eye. The evil eye is a person with supernatural power who causes damage to people who look at them. For the Hmong the most common cause of illness is soul lo...

Is human development different from economic development?

our site – HRM DISSERTATION EXAMPLE – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING Abstract Can the concepts of human and economic development be separatedThis study assesses the value of each development type independently and then together. The evidence presented illustrate the fact the human and economic development share elements, yet are different aspects of civilization. This essay will be of value to any researcher studying this development. 1 Introduction Can the process of economic and human development be separatedThis essay will assess to what degree to the two concepts can be differentiated. Beginning with an overview of human development and economic development will create a defining point from which to begin. Following this section with an overview of literature that illustrates the position and process behind each of these concepts will enable a demonstration of impact. The combination of the first sections of the paper will enable a reasonable assessment of the nature of both systems. In the end, this essay will have considered past definitions, modern practice and future potential of both human and economic development with the stated goal of determining the degree of difference that is present between them. 2 Human Development versus Economic Development2.1 Human DevelopmentSen (1999) defines human development as an expansion of capacity that has the potential to improve human lives. This theory illustrates the benefits that can be created by measuring capabilities of the population. Development is the capacity to overcome issues in life that might include ill health, illiteracy or political or civil freedoms (Sen 1999). Concerned with the dual aspects of people and development this approach consistently utilizes key human components as signal posts for progress and increased accuracy of public policy. Alkire (2005:32) contends that human capabilities are what people can actually do and be in life. Utilizing a pattern of comparison, this vision touches on the capacity to compare cultures and determine the best overall means of fostering and enhancing these basic human capabilities.2.2 Economic DevelopmentEconomic development is the not the concept of the quantity or use of utility but a s a measure of the potential expansion of valuable capacities (Alkire 2005). Others describe economic development as the potential for continued business centred expansion (Sen 1999) illustrates that governments have utilized the denial of basic human need and rights as a means to spur rapid economic development. This approach directly ties the perception of the population to the ability for the economy to function and grow. Economic development is tied to a multi-tiered influences that include underlying security concerns (Sen 1999). A fundamental approach taken illustrates that the economic development of any given region is founded on the process available and the opportunities for the population to accomplish the intended goals.2.3 Human Development and Economic DevelopmentWith the increase in technology and development potential there has been an increase in the need to promote both economic and human development (Fukuda Parr 2011). Modern instrument including the Sen (1999) ba sed Human Development Reports tie the state and capacity of the population to the effectiveness of any development options. Further Fukuda Parr (2011) contend that the alteration or state of politics has a direct impact on the manner in which a population influences the overall state of development. Nussbaum (2011) ties the concept of basic human rights to the capabilities of a population. This argument illustrates that the basic ideals of social justice and human rights are embodied within a government, which in turn provides development opportunities for the population. Further, the concept of capabilities is directly complementary to the notion of human rights and the need to make each citizen equal under the law (Nussbaum 2011). It is the instrument of human rights that has the capability to drive a nation into the next era of development. Sen (1999) argues that a determination of population capabilities will lead to the manner in which to implement positive change. This approach emphasizes that the condition and opportunities available to the population will have a direct impact on the overall economic development. The lack of opportunity or resources creates a form of deprivation which is detrimental to the associated development process (Sen 1999). Using famine as a teach ing tool, this approach clearly outlines the potential available by highlighting the positive aspects of the civilian population. With the absence of freedom and action and the lack of nourishment, the capacity for the farmers to develop was curtailed, thereby impacting the entire region (Sen 1999). This concept uses the creation or absence of the means to accomplish a task as a measurement of true capability. Simply because the United States citizen has the right to vote, lacking the means to get there or read the literature, will still fail to vote (Sen 1999). This is based on the person’s capabilities, which can then in turn be interpreted in a policy form in order to enhance the operation of the governing body. The Human Development Index, or HDI, was created in order to ascertain the population position of development when compared to other nations (Sen 1999). This gauge was created in order to gauge how development issues impacted a national policy picture. This concept sought to move away from the revenue centered concept to a people and skill oriented system based on capabilities (Sen 1999). With several different elements that differentiated social opportunity the system created an accurate illustration of the possibilities. The HDI system is based on the three separate elements including life expectancy, or the rate of recorded health of the local population , the element of education has the potential to impact development at every level, and finally the basic standard of living (Sen 1999). In each case the perception of positive or negative development is based on the foundation of civilian capability. Robeyns (2006) cites the capabilities system as gaining in use over the course of the past generation due to the perception of realistic components. The core of this argument revolves around a person’s ability to function, such as their state of being. This argument directly links the capacity of the human development with the overall economic development (Robeyns 2006). This argument contends that the development of any economy is based on the capabilities of their workforce. Ranis (2011), however, argued that the scope of the created capabilities paradigm is short and lacking in fundamental depth. This argument contends that there are substantially more than three areas that must be considered in order to accurately gauge the interplay between economic and human development (Ranis 2011). Utilizing this approach to human development incorporates over 31 separate categories that must be assessed in order to determine the rate of development. Alkire (2002) illustrates the any attempt to gauge either human development or economic development is intimately intertwined. From a philosophical perspective, the separation of one from the other would make the ability to illustrate an accurate culture picture incomplete. The aspect of human development touches on every element of economic development (Alkire 2002). Every element from the amount of money spent to the products consumed as well as the associated capability to sustain this consumption is critical to any economic development. The Sen (1999) capability approach defines poverty as the lack of capabilities or freedoms that have value or give the citizens cause to value. A bleak economic outlook can cause a substantial impact to associated human development, in that services including health care, education and food and water may be restricted or denied (Alkire 2007). This form of economic impact can serve to create a cycle of destruction that will stifle any form of devel opment. 3 Conclusion Can the process of economic and human development be separatedThis essay has assessed what degree to the two concepts can be differentiated and produced several interesting concepts. The presented evidence clearly illustrates that both economic and human development is closely related and share many elements. Economic development is dependent on the capabilities of the population and human development is based on the presence of resources and opportunity that the economy creates. Economic development is deeply and fundamentally impacted by a populations education and related social structures in order to thrive. This is continued indication of the close companionship that exists between both concepts. Further, lacking a solid economy, the population’s opportunity to achieve a better foundation is weakened, adding to any perceived economic difficulty. The lack of these basic elements can lead to long term poverty which can in turn lead to long term economic failure. On a philosophical note, the ability to assist those that need help through policy or programs only enhances the social infrastructure, which will in turn build a better economy. In the end, while the concepts of human and economic development are separate concerns, their shared elements make this a critical issue to address for each one. It will be the recognition of this fact on a global scale that will lead to the human development opportunities of the next era. 4 References Alkire, S. 2005. Valuing freedoms. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Alkire, S. 2002. Dimensions of human development. World development, 30 (2), pp. 181–205. Alkire, S. 2007. Choosing dimensions: The capability approach and multidimensional poverty.Chronic Poverty Research Centre Working Paper, (88). Fukuda-Parr, S. 2003. The human development paradigm: operationalizing Sen.’s ideas on capabilities. Feminist Economics, 9 (2-3), pp. 301–317. Nussbaum, M. C. 2011. Capabilities, entitlements, rights: supplementation and critique. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 12 (1), pp. 23–37. Ranis, G., Stewart, F. and Samman, E. 2006. Human development: beyond the human development index. Journal of Human Development, 7 (3), pp. 323–358. Robeyns, I. 2006. The capability approach in practice*. Journal of Political Philosophy, 14 (3), pp. 351–376. Sen, A. 1999. Development as freedom. New York: Knopf.