Philosophy of religion Argument according to Pascals Wager on the belief in God

The faith in the presence of God is disagreeable in the philosophical space. In the philosophical contention introduced by the book, Pascal’s Wager, by Jeff Jordan with respect to the presence and work of God, it rises that people’s faith in God is regularly improved without anyone else premiums as opposed to the ceaseless want to acknowledge and gain proof that God exists through reasoning.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Philosophy of religion: Argument as per Pascal’s Wager on the confidence in God explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human creatures have the ceaseless personal responsibility to accept that God exists in order to satisfy their passionate, mental and natural wants. Intelligent contentions on the presence of God are subsequently viewed as obscure in upgrading the conviction that God exists (Jordan, 13). Individuals put stock in God’s presence and his great deeds The methodology likewise assists with s atisfying the profound wants and desires for human instinct. In any case, I completely article to this contention because of my solid conviction that trusting in God as a methods for satisfying personal circumstances could be obscure and befuddling (Jordan 18).Reasoning and misusing every single scholarly ability ought to be a significant core value for understanding the presence of God. This protest depends on the way that Wager battles that God is limitless. The angle contends that it is sheltered and human to place one’s expectations in God as opposed to on natural creatures. Individuals who have confidence in God and are prepared to recognize his quality in their lives are more secure since in the inevitability that God genuinely exists; the individuals who have confidence in him would go to paradise while the individuals who don't have faith in his reality would get lost. In any case, in the projection that God doesn't exist, the individuals who trust in him and the indi viduals who don't have faith in him would not lose anything. The creator centers around recognizing indispensable human attributes that characterize human conduct and reaction to challenges. Concentrating on satisfying profound personal matters is a crucial part of perceiving the nearness of God throughout everyday life (Jordan 9). Protest The faith in God that depends on the predominant proof of his reality is a significant way to deal with living an all the more satisfying, alluring, prized and upbeat life. The conviction is a methods for guaranteeing that people’s contentions about God’s presence don't stay to be unimportant hallucinations. Proof based contentions help to strengthen the way that favor, gifts and elegance that originate from God have the capacity of changing human life. The ascribes additionally help to stress the way that personal matters could be misleading because of the probability of the interests being unique. The variety could happen because o f an adjustment in conditions, condition, circumstances, winning practices, social and strict convictions and issues identified with one’s devout group. The peril with trusting in God’s presence dependent on the intrigue on our personal circumstances is a test that lies on the vague supposition that all individuals know the â€Å"god† in question.Advertising Looking for paper on religion religious philosophy? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, all things considered, not all individuals have an away from of who God truly is. All things considered, very few individuals have confidence in God. Truth be told, certain individuals wouldn't fret whether God’s presence has any effect on the sort of lives they live. Individuals have the powerlessness to accept that God exists. In spite of the fact that God is broadly accepted to be an otherworldly being, individuals have consistently neglected to have faith in his deeds because of absence of proof on his reality. This reality has entangled the requirement for people to suit various contentions on the job and spot of God in human life. Qualities and shortcomings In his contention, the writer reliably figures out how to place into thought the different contentions previously set up by different writers with respect to the conviction and presence of God. In accordance with the above investigation, it clear that human instinct and the presence of God are interlinked issues. The author’s contention likewise acknowledges the way that human life is hallowed and the faith in God is a significant otherworldly issue of concern. These issues are basic as they obviously uncover the reason for which individuals exist and the major job that God has put in people’s lives. Inability to fortify the essentialness of confiding in reason uncovers the shortcoming of the contention that personal matters ought to consistently be the core value for our faith in the presence of God. This contention neglects to comprehend the way that paying little mind to one’s way to deal with issues of God, dependence on the expansive range idea of belief in a higher power without harping on a particular precept could prompt unwarranted philosophical ends. The ownership of great contentions on humankind is acceptable however it has the chance of compromising human conviction. The creator has neglected to recognize the way that human instinct ought to be comprehended using a normal methodology. The nearness of God or any heavenly being in life ought to never be dictated by human wants yet rather by thinking. It ought to likewise be guided by the understanding that life has an establishment that must be best characterized by understanding the job of God and source of humanity. Vulnerabilities in the motivation behind humanity, reason, science, religion and suspicion ought to be conceptualized by individuals who continually ende avor to gain proof of the presence of God. Confidence in the presence of God is an elective that presents the best great. It's anything but a reasonable methods for understanding the presence of God. The faith in the presence of God dependent on people’s personal circumstance is a methodology that is dependent upon control. Similarly as people’s lives and ways to deal with life are extraordinary, so are their personal matters. Inability to clarify the particular strict conventions in which the part of having confidence in God is established is considered as profound ignorance.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Philosophy of religion: Argument as indicated by Pascal’s Wager on the faith in God explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This viewpoint is achieved by the need of satisfying personal circumstances. It is viewed as a superior option in contrast to a conviction that depends on the current proof. This idea stays to be a genuine test. In spite of the fact that it could be in any person’s enthusiasm to put stock in God, Jordan (13) is of the view that absence of any strong thought of the need to accept or not to have confidence in God with no verification of his deeds is an unsuitable methodology. Limitless discipline, prize and satisfaction of personal responsibility because of putting stock in God’s presence ought to never be a rousing component towards having confidence in God. What the creator says The creator is probably going to state that God doesn't generally enjoy what individuals state or think. To support his contention, the creator would state that it is through tending to personal circumstance that individuals would best comprehend and in this way put stock in God. To the creator, losing something because of misinformed confidence is superior to putting stock in God without tending to one’s personal matters. Tragically, this reaction would not be sufficient. The reac tion would not help in tending to both the characteristic and extraneous needs of individuals as to religion and the faith in God. It is imperative to completely abuse soundness and capacity to reason and procure a certifiable conviction that God exists. Works Cited Jordan, Jeff. Pascal’s Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Belief in God, University of Delaware, Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 2006.Print. This article on Philosophy of religion: Argument as per Pascal’s Wager on the faith in God was composed and put together by client Cindy Calhoun to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Community Psychology and Public Health Essay

This paper talks about the likenesses and contrasts between two methodologies †network brain science and general wellbeing that are identified with social issues. Every technique approaches social issues in an unexpected way; anyway there are sure covering highlights. Every strategy additionally has its particular qualities and shortcomings. These variables will be talked about in this paper. Network brain science and open health The establishment of general wellbeing lays on the reasonable usage of endeavors to ensure and improve a community’s wellbeing by applying protection medication, clean strategies, and sociology. The objective of general wellbeing is to keep sickness and misery from happening. Furthermore, here is the primary distinction between general wellbeing and network brain research. Where general wellbeing centers around explicit issues, network brain science centers around the general personal satisfaction of the people inside a network. The objective of network brain science is to comprehend the connections of the person with their locale and society through research and to improve the individual’s life through specific activities. The thoughts that drive network brain research are moving and inspirational, however the thoughts have demonstrated to be hard to place vigorously things so as to actualize them. This is one of the shortcomings of network brain science and one of the reasons for the many bombed endeavors at changing a network. Be that as it may, there are additionally instances of political components blocking the execution of answers for social issues, as portrayed by Professor Albee in Guernina (1995, p. 85), â€Å"and when Reagan was chosen the message went out to the National Institute of Mental Health from the White House saying, ‘We will no longer help any examination into the social reasons for psychological instability we will just help investigation into the natural, hereditary natural causes’. Consequently it appears as though network brain science is considered the unreasonable, superfluous methodology that is excessively worried about human science to have a commonsense effect on a network. Conversely, the general wellbeing approach, that features natural and building strategies, has demonstrated to adequately forestall different infections and socially injurious practices from spreading broadly. For instance, under the general wellbeing guidelines in South Africa, the administration of human waste in broad daylight places was resolved and executed during the nineteenth century. Be that as it may, this methodology isn’t impeccable either, in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that the human waste was adequately overseen out in the open places, the issue emerged when human waste happened regarding close activities, for example, washing and can cleanliness. Neither of the methodologies is great and the two methodologies have characteristics that can possibly change a network. In this sense, the converging of the best characteristics of the two methodologies is best portrayed by Gilbert, â€Å"The close proclivity among humanism and general wellbeing is as far as unit of study, hypothesis, and strategy. They share a typical worry with populaces of people, a hypothetical direction toward conceptual speculations and a comparative methodological methodology. They likewise share a ‘problem’ center. To a huge degree general medical issues are social issues. The social powers that decide if a wellbeing condition will be seen as a general medical issue, are like those that characterize a social issue. † (1995, p. 81) Conclusion General wellbeing can accomplish for somewhat more of the human touch as experienced in network brain science. What's more, network brain research can profit by the down to earth strategies as found in general wellbeing arrangements. Luckily this is going on in the socio-natural methodology, which depends on an all encompassing comprehension of the individual, the network, illnesses, and wellbeing as the result of the mind boggling personal conduct standards that are imparted in people and gatherings through socialization, and who at that point comprehend the ways as being ordinary.

CPW 2014The Parent Edition

CPW 2014…The Parent Edition One would think that after seven years in this office I would not be as excited about the start of Campus Preview Weekend (CPW). Yet, after all this time, I never cease to be thrilled to get to finally meet all of our admitted students and those parents who are on campus as well. The first question I often hear from parents is, what events should I attend with my child? In truth, there wont be very many of them if you are each doing what interests you the most. With hundreds of options over the next few days, there are lots of things to choose from and parents will probably not want answers to the same questions that students will. That said, its important to check in occasionally so Id suggest you pick an event where you can meet up with your student each day (perhaps the CPW Welcome/Faculty Speaker event on Friday morning and the Closing Variety Show on Saturday evening) but mostly I hope you will encourage them “do their own thing” and know that its good for you to do the same. It’s the best way for them to figure out if they are comfortable and at home on our campus and the best way for you to be comfortable with them being here. I hope you’ll ask lots of questions. It’s the way our students learn and will work well for you too. Current students are great resources so don’t be afraid to ask them about their experiences. In addition weve enlisted the help of a great group of current students parents called Parent Connectors. Theyll be available throughout the weekend to address those issues that are most important to you, the parent, so dont be afraid to ask for their opinionsthey know exactly how you feel since they were asking those same questions just a year or so ago. They are also easy to locate in their red Parent Connector polo shirts so keep a lookout for them. A great place to find a parent to talk to would be in the Parent’s Hospitality Lounge. Grab a cup of coffee or tea and chat with current MIT parents as well as other parents of MIT prefrosh. Also, learn about the MIT Parents Association and the Parent Connector Network from current volunteers and staff. I hope you’ll be open-minded during your visit with us. I have lived with current students and their life at MIT is somewhat different than mine was when I was here. Im sure youll feel the same way too. Its just not the way we remember it. I remember fondly my mother’s first less than ecstatic comments in viewing my dorm when I was a student at MIT but for me it was the perfect choice for my four years at MIT. Bring comfortable shoes and a jacket or sweater and perhaps even an umbrella. Weather can change quickly in Boston, especially in the springtime, so you should be prepared for anything. Boston is a great walking city and I hope youll take some time to see the environs around MIT as well the campus itself and the best way to do that is on foot. Even just a short walk along the river can be a nice break from all the events of the day. Have questions regarding your students financial aid package or the financial aid process in general? There will be an open house Thursday, Friday and Saturday at Student Financial Services so you can stop in and get your questions answered. On Thursday and Friday there will be comprehensive presentations by Executive Director of Student Financial Services, Elizabeth Hicks. Parents and students are welcome to attend either of these programs on the hows, whys and whens of financial aid at MIT how your financial aid award was determined, when your supplemental forms are due, how to pay your balance, how to find on-campus student employment, and how your online student account will work and much more. But that is just the beginning Events Parent and Family Welcome on Thursday night at 7:30 pm in room 26-100. Stu Schmill, Dean of Admissions and Professor Alex Slocum will welcome the Class of 2018 parents to Campus Preview Weekend. Parent Reception with Parent Connectors and Alumni on Friday night at 5:00 pm in Walker Memorial. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association and the MIT Club of Boston, this reception is your chance to meet and mingle with Parent Connectors, Educational Counselors and other MIT Alumni. The presenter will be Anika Gupta 14 who will talk about her MIT experience. Insight for Parents by Parents is Saturday morning at 9:00 am in room 10-250. A panel of current MIT parents will be on hand to share their insights and answer your questions. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association. There will be coffee provided, so please come and join us. Panels Sessions About Residential Life and About MIT Dining. Our on-campus residential community boasts residence halls, fraternities, sororities and independent living groups as well as a wide variety of dining services. There will be discussions covering life in residences, residential support offerings, activities, dining options, roommate matching and more. The Urban Campus: Campus Safety Security. John DiFava, Chief of MIT Police and others will address these issues and answer your questions. Academic Programming and Support Panel. Learn about the many kind of interactions that occur between students and faculty at MIT and the wonderful collaborative environment in which they work and study together. Help Your Child to Have a Healthy Freshman Year at MIT. Join staff from MIT Medical to learn resources, tips, and strategies that help students start healthy and stay healthy during college. Multiple open houses will be held over the weekend. These include areas relating to Medical Services, Careers Development, Hillel, Global Education (study abroad and more), Pre-Professional Advising (Pre-Med and more), departments, and housing. I’ve named just a handful of the events created with you in mind for CPW and it really is just the tip of the iceberg. Well provide you with a full schedule when you get here but to get a head start on your plans check out the online listings on our CPW site. See you soon!

CPW 2014The Parent Edition

CPW 2014…The Parent Edition One would think that after seven years in this office I would not be as excited about the start of Campus Preview Weekend (CPW). Yet, after all this time, I never cease to be thrilled to get to finally meet all of our admitted students and those parents who are on campus as well. The first question I often hear from parents is, what events should I attend with my child? In truth, there wont be very many of them if you are each doing what interests you the most. With hundreds of options over the next few days, there are lots of things to choose from and parents will probably not want answers to the same questions that students will. That said, its important to check in occasionally so Id suggest you pick an event where you can meet up with your student each day (perhaps the CPW Welcome/Faculty Speaker event on Friday morning and the Closing Variety Show on Saturday evening) but mostly I hope you will encourage them “do their own thing” and know that its good for you to do the same. It’s the best way for them to figure out if they are comfortable and at home on our campus and the best way for you to be comfortable with them being here. I hope you’ll ask lots of questions. It’s the way our students learn and will work well for you too. Current students are great resources so don’t be afraid to ask them about their experiences. In addition weve enlisted the help of a great group of current students parents called Parent Connectors. Theyll be available throughout the weekend to address those issues that are most important to you, the parent, so dont be afraid to ask for their opinionsthey know exactly how you feel since they were asking those same questions just a year or so ago. They are also easy to locate in their red Parent Connector polo shirts so keep a lookout for them. A great place to find a parent to talk to would be in the Parent’s Hospitality Lounge. Grab a cup of coffee or tea and chat with current MIT parents as well as other parents of MIT prefrosh. Also, learn about the MIT Parents Association and the Parent Connector Network from current volunteers and staff. I hope you’ll be open-minded during your visit with us. I have lived with current students and their life at MIT is somewhat different than mine was when I was here. Im sure youll feel the same way too. Its just not the way we remember it. I remember fondly my mother’s first less than ecstatic comments in viewing my dorm when I was a student at MIT but for me it was the perfect choice for my four years at MIT. Bring comfortable shoes and a jacket or sweater and perhaps even an umbrella. Weather can change quickly in Boston, especially in the springtime, so you should be prepared for anything. Boston is a great walking city and I hope youll take some time to see the environs around MIT as well the campus itself and the best way to do that is on foot. Even just a short walk along the river can be a nice break from all the events of the day. Have questions regarding your students financial aid package or the financial aid process in general? There will be an open house Thursday, Friday and Saturday at Student Financial Services so you can stop in and get your questions answered. On Thursday and Friday there will be comprehensive presentations by Executive Director of Student Financial Services, Elizabeth Hicks. Parents and students are welcome to attend either of these programs on the hows, whys and whens of financial aid at MIT how your financial aid award was determined, when your supplemental forms are due, how to pay your balance, how to find on-campus student employment, and how your online student account will work and much more. But that is just the beginning Events Parent and Family Welcome on Thursday night at 7:30 pm in room 26-100. Stu Schmill, Dean of Admissions and Professor Alex Slocum will welcome the Class of 2018 parents to Campus Preview Weekend. Parent Reception with Parent Connectors and Alumni on Friday night at 5:00 pm in Walker Memorial. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association and the MIT Club of Boston, this reception is your chance to meet and mingle with Parent Connectors, Educational Counselors and other MIT Alumni. The presenter will be Anika Gupta 14 who will talk about her MIT experience. Insight for Parents by Parents is Saturday morning at 9:00 am in room 10-250. A panel of current MIT parents will be on hand to share their insights and answer your questions. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association. There will be coffee provided, so please come and join us. Panels Sessions About Residential Life and About MIT Dining. Our on-campus residential community boasts residence halls, fraternities, sororities and independent living groups as well as a wide variety of dining services. There will be discussions covering life in residences, residential support offerings, activities, dining options, roommate matching and more. The Urban Campus: Campus Safety Security. John DiFava, Chief of MIT Police and others will address these issues and answer your questions. Academic Programming and Support Panel. Learn about the many kind of interactions that occur between students and faculty at MIT and the wonderful collaborative environment in which they work and study together. Help Your Child to Have a Healthy Freshman Year at MIT. Join staff from MIT Medical to learn resources, tips, and strategies that help students start healthy and stay healthy during college. Multiple open houses will be held over the weekend. These include areas relating to Medical Services, Careers Development, Hillel, Global Education (study abroad and more), Pre-Professional Advising (Pre-Med and more), departments, and housing. I’ve named just a handful of the events created with you in mind for CPW and it really is just the tip of the iceberg. Well provide you with a full schedule when you get here but to get a head start on your plans check out the online listings on our CPW site. See you soon!

Developing Strength in the Face of Fear Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Sometimes years back, I used to have a friend whom we used to share different ideas and thoughts in our day-to-day life. Interestingly, I started noticing that she reacts in a very strange manner especially when we talk about people of the opposite sex. Other times she used to be absent-minded. While talking to her, I started being too keen on her more so to the things she dislikes most. I even started inquiring and asking her more about her questionable character, but I discovered that the closer I become to her, the more she went deeper and deeper hiding it and so at first I felt like giving up. Since to me, she was not just a friend but also a friend indeed, I had a second thought of persisting until she will open her heart and talk to me. It was not an easy job to me because she even started avoiding and I remember her final sentiment to me was to stop insisting it is too personal and confidential. Yes to some extent, I agreed, but I still felt that I could be very useful to her . We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Strength in the Face of Fear or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now I continued to share different talks with her so as to strengthen the trust she had to me. Five months down the line, she paid a visit to me one evening. We chatted until midnight, and before we ended, I pleaded her to tell me. She was too shy and in deep pain that she faced the opposite direction and narrated the whole story. Full of shock and sympathy to realize that his or her herd boy sexually abused when she was ten years old, and he threatened her not to mention to anyone. She mentioned to me that her life has been full of nightmares and even though she tries to forget, sometimes those memories come fresh. I made several attempts guiding and counseling in my bid help her erase the unwanted memories out of her life. This was not a one-day event but a gradual change, which required patience. Finally and this kind of defensive mechanism is called repression. In short, different people develop different defensive mechanisms depending on the kind o f anxiety he/she is confronted. A certain number of these mechanisms occurs unconsciously while others consciously.

Poem Analysis `` Stop All The Clocks `` Cut Off The...

When Poems are written, authors incorporate important literary devices that constructs the meaning of their poem. However, while analyzing W.H Auden â€Å" Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone† the rhyme scheme was simple. On the other hand, Wilfred Owen â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† had a different rhyme scheme concept. This could be because of the writing style of the poem, and how it flows with the setting. In the poem W.H Auden â€Å"Stop all the clock, cut off the telephone† the rhyme was simple, and the reason why it is simple is because it has a constant pattern. The rhyme scheme goes A, A, B, B, C, C, D, D, E, E, F, F, G, G, H, H. Auden decided to have a simple rhyme scheme because the setting of the poem is during a funeral. Also, the ending of each word has an affiliation with words that represent a funeral surrounding. According to Auden â€Å"Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone†(line 1). This line shows someone attending a funeral, a nd Auden ends the line with telephone because when someone is at a funeral, they are suppose to turn off their phone, and pay their respect to the dead. Furthermore, Auden emphasizes â€Å"Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead,†(line 6). Auden capitalize the â€Å"He Is Dead† because once again it’s a funeral and people only go to funeral when someone they know has passed away. So that is why he emphasizes the He Is Dead at the ending of the line. Additionally, usually a funeral has a quiet and, depress atmosphere. In Auden poem â€Å"Stop all theShow MoreRelatedFuneral Blues1560 Words   |  7 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Funeral Blues,† W.H. Auden’s choice of diction allows the reader a greater understanding of the intensity and depth of feeling experienced upon the loss of a loved one. Likewise, the symbolism used by the poet pulls us into the actual world of the grief stricken as he searches for ways to mourn this passing. 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Originally published 1974 Note on Translation  © 1991 by the University of Chicago University of Chicago Press edition 1991 Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesfrmiu/i  «...* „.;i†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢/ . †¢ . . †¢. »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.. . .. †¢..†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.-.†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a/itiktSii^i THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Copyright  © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THE FREE PRESS and colophon are trademarks of Simon Schuster Inc. Designed by Carla Bolte Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 PermissionsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCopyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests thatRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pageswords in both spoken and written English, based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network – a group of corpuses or databases of authentic English language. The Longman Communication 3000 represents the core of the English language and shows students of English which words are the most important for them to learn and study in order to communicate effectively in both speech and writing. Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network shows that these 3000 most frequentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCredits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice H all. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any

Black Friday Free Essays

The phenomenon of Black Friday Bustling city streets, hour-long lines, and retail store chaos: only one scenario explains the commonality between these situations, shopping on Black Friday. For half a century Black Friday has become an unofficial retail holiday in the United States. It is a day that offers incredible discounts and killer deals, and most notoriously, it brings a frenzy of crazed shoppers to local retailers looking to save on purchases. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Friday or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing strategies, paired with consumers’ need to locate the best deals on Christmas gifts has led to Black Friday being celebrated as a consumption ritual comparable in importance to Thanksgiving Day. (Thomas and Peters, 2011) How has Black Friday become the largest retail sales day of the year? What is it that drives people to artificially induced hyper consumption, almost like an annual ritual? Many scientist and psychologists have many different theories and conclusions of why Black Friday has become the biggest shopping day of the year. In this paper, I will take your through the research and conclusions that many psychologists have produced and the advantages and disadvantages of Black Friday. Dr. Stephanie Sarkis, Ph. D. explored the work of Jane Boyd Thomas and Cara Peters, professors at South Carolina’s Winthrop University, who spent two years in research trying to find common traits in Black Friday shoppers. They conducted thirty-eight extensive interviews with â€Å"experienced† Black Friday shoppers and found four recurring themes: 1. Familial bonding (multiple generations and close friends) 2. Strategic planning . The great race 4. Mission accomplished But how do the four themes they came up with relate to one another? Thomas and Peters figured that all the traits when analyzed together showed one commonality. They wrote, â€Å"the traits are coalesced around a military metaphor, and is a bonding activity Shoppers prepare for the ritual by scanning Black Friday ads, and they map out their stra tegy. † (Sarkis 2011) In essence, the family is a type of team that scans adds, plans their route and potential purchases, executes their plans by buying products, and rejoices in their accomplishments. When all of these traits are analyzed individually, they mean little to main the main outcome, bonding. But when all the traits are looked at collectively, they all contribute to the overall success and goal of bonding. Besides giving us a breakdown of bonding activities, the analysis also shows how the average consumer plan for Black Friday. Just as Sarkis found themes that make up this military metaphor, Byun, professor of consumer affairs at Auburn University came up with her own theory on why people react the way they do on Black Friday. Crowds create a sense of competition — such as when hundreds of shoppers are rushing to collect marked-down goods — they generate a different feeling entirely. Competition creates what’s called hedonic shopping value, or a sense of enjoyment from the mere process of buying goods. At certain levels, consumers enjoy arousal and challenges during the shopping process. † (Khazan 2011) In essence what Byun is saying is consu mers get more enjoyment because the crowds create an obstacle, which hinders the execution of the plans and preparations made. The crowds make getting what they want harder, which creates more value for the goods purchased. Just as Byun noted that crowds contribute to the Black Friday Craze, Kelly McGonigal, Ph. D. describes another factors that plays a big part in the â€Å"Black Friday frenzy†. Retailers, she notes, use innovative designs to lure customers into their stores and keep them there. McGonigal says â€Å"time pressure sales on limited products or scarce resources† triggers a negative physiological affect on the consumer. Scarcity for a certain commodity creates a sense of urgency to act now, a natural instinct to survive. This survival instinct can be related to hunting for some people. Black Friday is â€Å"hunting for women,† said Leisa Reinecke Flynn, professor of marketing and fashion merchandising at the University of Southern Mississippi. â€Å"It’s so much like deer hunting it’s hard to tell the two apart. † (Khazan 2011) Unfortunately, shopping on Black Friday is not motivated by survival instincts or a life in death situation. This paradox stimulates unusual behavior in consumers that creates disadvantages and potential dangers for those that are not necessarily into the hunt. The concept of Black Friday creates a â€Å"perfect storm† for consumer misbehavior. Misbehavior, as defined by Lennon, Johnson, and Lee is, â€Å"acts that violate accepted norms of conduct in consumption contexts. † (Lennon, Johnson, Lee, 2011) This compulsive behavior, or compulsive consumption, feeds off of the idea of scarcity. It induces people to act inappropriately harming others and often themselves. â€Å"For many, if not most compulsive purchasers, buying is a reaction to stress or unpleasant situations. Compulsive consumption is a type of consumer behavior which is inappropriate, typically excessive, and clearly disruptive to the lives of other individuals. (Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond 1987) Both hunting and shopping hinge on long-standing traditions and generally involve pursuing a goal as a group. Whether the group actually hits its target is secondary to the fun of the chase. Hunting and shopping as shown above are very closely linked and motivated by the idea of scarcity. Just like there are limited deer in the forest, there are limited goods in the stores. The result is paradoxical in nature. People are fraudulently deceived into acting compulsively. (Herpen, Pieters and Zeelenberg 2005) Just as Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond concluded that compulsive behavior negatively affects the lives of others, Peter McGraw, Ph. D. drew a similar connection. He focuses more on social trends and pressures being the root of the problem. In The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity, McGraw makes a connection between Black Friday shopping and Thanksgiving Dinner. He explores the idea that once a year, people will consume more calories in one meal, than the average person consumes on a normal day. The next day they wake up, or sometimes not sleeping at all, and go shopping for hours on end. (McGraw and Warner 2011) Dr. McGraw’s research shows us that in a short period of forty eights hour there is over consumption of food on Thanksgiving and the hyper consumption or shopping on Black Friday. McGraw believes that the cause of this phenomenon is social influence and pressure. He writes, â€Å"One of the hallmarks of psychological science is that we are influenced by the actions of others—often more so than we’d like to admit. Sometimes we’re impelled to take positive actions, such as switching to reusable bags or cutting down on littering. Other times, social influence can be quite negative. When it comes to Thanksgiving and Black Friday, unfortunately, the influences skew more toward bad than good. † (McGraw and Warner 2011) In other words McGraw places responsibility of hyper consumption on social trends, pressures, and even perhaps familial rituals for the ever-popular Black Friday. Another concept of Black Friday is one of mutual benefit for both consumer and retailer. Consumers’ benefit from large discounts on all sorts of items including clothing, electronics, furniture, and literally any other commodity available on the market. Retailers’ benefit by getting out of the red zone, finally making a profit for the fiscal year. The opportunities available on Black Friday is what drove 212 million shoppers to stores during Black Friday weekend in 2011. (Wilson, 2010) Retailers experience surging sales during Black Friday and the days that follow. This monetary benefit is what drives their extensive promotion and deal offerings, further influencing the consumer’s willingness to partake in the shopping frenzy. In a society where a corporation or business’s main purpose is to grow profits for the benefit of its shareholders, a company’s number one purpose is to increase sales, in order to increase profits. According to a New York Times article written by Adam Davidson, approximately one fifth of retailer’s total annual sales are made during the holiday shopping season. (Davidson, 2011) In conclusion, we can see that shopping on Black Friday brings people together in one way or another. For some, it brings people together in a positive way. Families and friends are able to work as a team who plan, prepare and execute their plans to achieve their goals. For others, Black Friday shoppers experience the negative affects of other people’s behavior. There are also advantages and disadvantages for both the consumer and retailer. Consumers get amazingly cheap prices on products while retailers experience a massive surge in sales. However one may look at Black Friday, it is a day that cannot be ignored. It’s influence and popularity are ever growing and expanding. Reference Page Davidson, Adam. The Black Friday Effect: Let’s Stimulate the Economy with Inflation. † The New York Times, 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Herpen, Erica van, Rik Pieters, and Marcel Zeelenberg (2005) ,†How Product Scarcity Impacts on Choice: Snob and Bandwagon Effects†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32, eds. Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32 : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 623-624. Faber, J. Ronald, O’Guinn, C Thomas, and Krych, Raymond. (1987) â€Å"Compulsive Consumption†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14, eds. Melanie Wallendorf and Paul Anderson, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14: Association for Sonsumer Research, Pages: 132-135. McGonigal, Kelly, Ph. D. â€Å"The Science of Willpower. † Comments on â€Å"Black Friday Shopping: How Stores Use Psychology to Fill Your Cart† N. p. , 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . McGraw, Peter, Ph. D. , and Warner, Joel. â€Å"The Humor Code. † The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity. N. p. , 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Ridgwar, Nicole, â€Å"Black Friday Sales Hit Record. † CNNMoney. Cable News Netwrok, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Sarkis, Stephanie, Ph. D. â€Å"Here, There, and Everywhere. † Black Friday: A Collective Consumption Ritual. N. p. , 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Thomas, Jane Boyd, and Peters, Cara. (2011) â€Å"An exploratory investigation of Black Friday consumption rituals†, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 39 Iss: 7, pp. 522 – 537 Wallendorf, M. , Arnould, E. â€Å"We gather together: consumption rituals of Thanksgiving Day†, in Journal of Consumer Research, (1991) Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 13-31. Wilson, April. â€Å"By the Numbers: Black Friday Shoppers and Their Impact on the Economy. † The Luckie ReTink Tank. 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct 2012. . How to cite Black Friday, Essay examples Black Friday Free Essays The three sources to be compared are all in relation to the events that occurred on â€Å"Black Friday†, particularly surrounding the conduct of the metropolitan police. Source 10, taken from â€Å"The Times† newspaper presents the view that the police were more victims of the women and raiders that they were trying to control, and that it took some effort to restrain the women that were protesting on that day. Whereas source 11, taken from a memorandum that was sent to the home office after ‘Black Friday† gives the view that the police were acting violently towards the women protesting and that the women in this situation were the victims. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Friday or any similar topic only for you Order Now Source 12, a statement from a suffragette who participated in â€Å"Black Friday† presents a similar opinion to that in source 11, indicating that the woman in question received several injuries from a police officer. The events that occurred on â€Å"Black Friday† and the conduct of the police have been under dispute by many historians, which some taking the side of source 10, and others agreeing more with the recollections presented in sources 11 and 12- it can therefore be argued how much sources 11 and 12 challenge the view contained in source 10 about the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†. Source 10, taken from â€Å"The Times’ newspaper on 19th November 1910 is an extract from a report covering the events of what eventually became known as â€Å"Black Friday†. It presents the view that the police â€Å"kept their temper very well’ towards â€Å"the ladies who flung themselves against (them)†. It also speaks of how â€Å"several police had their helmets knocked off in carrying out their duty† and later mentions that â€Å"one was disabled by a kick on the ankle† and another â€Å"was cut on the face by a belt† therefore implying that the women who were present on Black Friday were acting violently towards the police, and that any rough handling of the police towards the protesters was only in response to the treatment they were receiving. It could be said then, that this article presents the police in a positive light and shows the suffragettes to be the ones at fault on â€Å"Black Friday† which comes as no surprise given that the article comes from â€Å"The Times†- a newspaper that would have been primarily aimed at educated men, and its purpose therefore would have been to share the opinion that women were out of control and lacked the dignity to receive the vote. Source 11 on the other hand disagrees with the view presented in source source 10. It is an extract from a memorandum by the Parliamentary Conciliation Committee for Women’s Suffrage send to the Home Office after â€Å"Black Friday†. It agrees with the source ten in the sense that it admits a â€Å"relentless struggle† occurred between the police and the suffragettes, but it disagrees with source 10 because it presents the view that it was the police acting violently towards the women, who it says were â€Å"flung hither and thither amid moving traffic, and into the hands of a crows which was sometimes rough and indecent†. This opinion is presented because the purpose of the memorandum sent to the home office was to request a public inquiry into the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†, because they did not follow their â€Å"usual course of action† which â€Å"would have been to arrest the women on a charge of obstruction† but they â€Å"had been instructed to avoid, as far as possible, making any arrests† which is why, the women argue that the police were so violent. Also, this article presents the events of â€Å"Black Friday† in such a different light, because it was written by those who sympathized with Suffragettes and therefore supported them, the Committee was set up in 1910 to encourage support for women’s suffrage, so it would have wanted to make the actions of the police look bad in order to gain support for the women who were protesting. Similar to source 11, Source 12, from a statement by a 60 year old suffragette who had participated in the demonstration on â€Å"Black Friday† is of the opinion that it was the police who acted wrongly during the events, and not the women protesting. The suffragette talks about how she was â€Å"seized by several policemen† and how â€Å"one twisted (her) right arm behind (her) back with such brute force that (she) really thought he would break it†. She also mentions that â€Å"another policeman gave (her) a terrible blow in (her) back, which sent (her) whirling into the crowd†- clearly presenting the view that the police were acting violently and out of conduct towards the women and as a result disputing the viewpoint held in source 10. However, it must be taken into consideration the purpose of this statement, which was a testament before the Parliamentary Conciliation Committee for Women’s Suffrage, who we know from source 11 sympathized with suffragettes and were trying to gain support from them. Therefore, the women who gave this testament would have been trying to give as much evidence against the police as possible in order for the Committee to have a case against the police and order for an inquiry to be made. In addition to this, it was the aim of suffragettes at time to create as much publicity towards their cause as they could, whether good or bad, they wanted attention, and by complaining about the police it would have prolonged the time that â€Å"Black Friday† was publicized in the media which was what they wanted. In conclusion, sources 11 and 12, which present the view that it was the police who acted wrongly on â€Å"Black Friday† disagree with the view presented in source 10, which is that it was the women who were at fault. This is because the purpose of both sources 11 and 12 was to create sympathy for the suffragettes in order to gain support for their cause, whereas source 10 was aimed at an audience who did not support women’s suffrage, and by publishing an article presenting women in a bad light, â€Å"The Times† newspaper would have been ensuring that it’s readers remained loyal. Although sources 11 and 12 agree with source 10 in the fact that a violent dispute took place, they differ in opinion of who was the victim in the situation, therefore sources 11 and 12 challenge the view presented in source 10 about the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†. How to cite Black Friday, Papers